Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation
Congested airspace conflict resolution during terminal operations is a common air traffic management issue that may produce cascading delays. Vehicles needing emergency clearance to land, at either traditional airports or vertiports, would require others on approach to move out of the way and, in so...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/5/382 |
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| author | Michael R. Variny Travis W. Moleski Jay P. Wilhelm |
| author_facet | Michael R. Variny Travis W. Moleski Jay P. Wilhelm |
| author_sort | Michael R. Variny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Congested airspace conflict resolution during terminal operations is a common air traffic management issue that may produce cascading delays. Vehicles needing emergency clearance to land, at either traditional airports or vertiports, would require others on approach to move out of the way and, in some instances, cause a wave of delay to propagate through all vehicles on approach. Specifically, uncrewed aerial systems utilizing near-maximum arrival rates would be greatly impacted when requested to move off their approach path and may interfere with others. Vertiports further complicate crowded approaches because vehicles can arrive from many different angles at the same time to maximize landing area usage. Traditional air traffic management techniques were studied for vertiport applications specific to high-capacity operations. This work investigated methods of uniformly re-directing vehicles on approach to a vertiport that would be impacted by an emergency vehicle to minimize or avoid cascading delays. A route of time-optimal Bézier curves as well as Dubins paths optimized for interception heading was generated and flown on as an alternate maneuver when an unaccounted-for emergency vehicle initiated a bypass of an air traffic fleet. A comparison to flight on a holding pattern showed that the Bézier and Dubins route improved delay times and mitigated a cascading delay effect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9eec8e194b1044fdb23bfea3ebf46a00 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj-art-9eec8e194b1044fdb23bfea3ebf46a002025-08-20T03:47:49ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-04-0112538210.3390/aerospace12050382Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay MitigationMichael R. Variny0Travis W. Moleski1Jay P. Wilhelm2Mechanical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens Campus, Athens, OH 45701, USAMechanical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens Campus, Athens, OH 45701, USAMechanical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens Campus, Athens, OH 45701, USACongested airspace conflict resolution during terminal operations is a common air traffic management issue that may produce cascading delays. Vehicles needing emergency clearance to land, at either traditional airports or vertiports, would require others on approach to move out of the way and, in some instances, cause a wave of delay to propagate through all vehicles on approach. Specifically, uncrewed aerial systems utilizing near-maximum arrival rates would be greatly impacted when requested to move off their approach path and may interfere with others. Vertiports further complicate crowded approaches because vehicles can arrive from many different angles at the same time to maximize landing area usage. Traditional air traffic management techniques were studied for vertiport applications specific to high-capacity operations. This work investigated methods of uniformly re-directing vehicles on approach to a vertiport that would be impacted by an emergency vehicle to minimize or avoid cascading delays. A route of time-optimal Bézier curves as well as Dubins paths optimized for interception heading was generated and flown on as an alternate maneuver when an unaccounted-for emergency vehicle initiated a bypass of an air traffic fleet. A comparison to flight on a holding pattern showed that the Bézier and Dubins route improved delay times and mitigated a cascading delay effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/5/382trajectoryBézierDubinsoptimizationAAMvertiport |
| spellingShingle | Michael R. Variny Travis W. Moleski Jay P. Wilhelm Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation Aerospace trajectory Bézier Dubins optimization AAM vertiport |
| title | Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation |
| title_full | Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation |
| title_fullStr | Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation |
| title_short | Variable Aircraft Spacing Quadratic Bézier Curve Trajectory Planning for Cascading Delay Mitigation |
| title_sort | variable aircraft spacing quadratic bezier curve trajectory planning for cascading delay mitigation |
| topic | trajectory Bézier Dubins optimization AAM vertiport |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/5/382 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaelrvariny variableaircraftspacingquadraticbeziercurvetrajectoryplanningforcascadingdelaymitigation AT traviswmoleski variableaircraftspacingquadraticbeziercurvetrajectoryplanningforcascadingdelaymitigation AT jaypwilhelm variableaircraftspacingquadraticbeziercurvetrajectoryplanningforcascadingdelaymitigation |