Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses?
Periductal mastitis (PDM) is a prolonged inflammatory disease, but the cause of PDM is poorly understood. In the present case control study, 87 PDM and 87 healthy controls were enrolled and the results were evaluated to identify the significant risk factors for PDM. To investigate the roles of bacte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5309081 |
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| author | Lu Liu Fei Zhou Pin Wang Lixiang Yu Zhongbing Ma Yuyang Li Dezong Gao Qiang Zhang Liang Li Zhigang Yu |
| author_facet | Lu Liu Fei Zhou Pin Wang Lixiang Yu Zhongbing Ma Yuyang Li Dezong Gao Qiang Zhang Liang Li Zhigang Yu |
| author_sort | Lu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periductal mastitis (PDM) is a prolonged inflammatory disease, but the cause of PDM is poorly understood. In the present case control study, 87 PDM and 87 healthy controls were enrolled and the results were evaluated to identify the significant risk factors for PDM. To investigate the roles of bacterial infection and critical cytokines expression, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial culturing were conducted. We also measured the levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-12A, and interleukin-17A by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry method. In a multivariable logistic regression model, we identified overweight/obesity and late onset of menarche as independent risk factors for PDM. In contrast, age of first birth >27 years had a protective effect. With 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we confirmed bacterial infections were found in all PDM patients, but none of the control patients was positive on the gene expression of 16S rRNA. Our results also demonstrated significant increases of the IFN-γ and IL-12A expression in PDM, but there was no difference in IL-17A expression in these two groups. Taken together, this study suggests that reproductive factors and overweight/obesity are possible predisposing risk factors for PDM. Bacterial infection and the increased expression of some proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ee9759ad78d454c92b74398315cfe29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ee9759ad78d454c92b74398315cfe292025-02-03T06:00:05ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612017-01-01201710.1155/2017/53090815309081Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses?Lu Liu0Fei Zhou1Pin Wang2Lixiang Yu3Zhongbing Ma4Yuyang Li5Dezong Gao6Qiang Zhang7Liang Li8Zhigang Yu9Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, ChinaPeriductal mastitis (PDM) is a prolonged inflammatory disease, but the cause of PDM is poorly understood. In the present case control study, 87 PDM and 87 healthy controls were enrolled and the results were evaluated to identify the significant risk factors for PDM. To investigate the roles of bacterial infection and critical cytokines expression, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial culturing were conducted. We also measured the levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-12A, and interleukin-17A by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry method. In a multivariable logistic regression model, we identified overweight/obesity and late onset of menarche as independent risk factors for PDM. In contrast, age of first birth >27 years had a protective effect. With 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we confirmed bacterial infections were found in all PDM patients, but none of the control patients was positive on the gene expression of 16S rRNA. Our results also demonstrated significant increases of the IFN-γ and IL-12A expression in PDM, but there was no difference in IL-17A expression in these two groups. Taken together, this study suggests that reproductive factors and overweight/obesity are possible predisposing risk factors for PDM. Bacterial infection and the increased expression of some proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of this disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5309081 |
| spellingShingle | Lu Liu Fei Zhou Pin Wang Lixiang Yu Zhongbing Ma Yuyang Li Dezong Gao Qiang Zhang Liang Li Zhigang Yu Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? |
| title_full | Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? |
| title_fullStr | Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? |
| title_short | Periductal Mastitis: An Inflammatory Disease Related to Bacterial Infection and Consequent Immune Responses? |
| title_sort | periductal mastitis an inflammatory disease related to bacterial infection and consequent immune responses |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5309081 |
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