Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia
Abstract Background Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a type of lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of food, oropharyngeal secretions, or gastric contents. This condition is particularly common in older adults and individuals with impaired swallowing or consciousness. While the diagnosis of AP rel...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03519-x |
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| author | Lianghui Chen Yazhen Chen Fansen Lin Jianbao Wang Hongzhi Gao Yuqi Liu |
| author_facet | Lianghui Chen Yazhen Chen Fansen Lin Jianbao Wang Hongzhi Gao Yuqi Liu |
| author_sort | Lianghui Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a type of lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of food, oropharyngeal secretions, or gastric contents. This condition is particularly common in older adults and individuals with impaired swallowing or consciousness. While the diagnosis of AP relies on clinical history, swallowing assessments, and imaging, these methods have significant limitations, often leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Reliable biomarkers for AP diagnosis are lacking, making early detection and treatment challenging. Methods Nineteen patients diagnosed with pneumonia were included in this study, divided into two groups: AP (n = 10) and non-AP (n = 9). Biological fluid samples, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), saliva, serum, sputum, and urine, were analyzed using non-targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were identified using fold change analysis, statistical significance, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between selected metabolites and clinical parameters. Results Significant metabolic differences were found between AP and non-AP patients, with many different metabolites identified across biological fluids. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Androstenediol-3-sulfate (ADIOLS), and beta-muricholic acid were identified as key biomarkers through fold change analysis and ROC curve analysis, showing consistent increasing or decreasing trends in BALF, sputum, and serum samples. DHEAS was found to be negatively correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (r = − 0.619, p = 0.005) in BALF sample. The area under curve (AUC) values showed that these molecules could serve as effective biomarkers for AP. Conclusions This study identifies DHEAS, ADIOLS and beta-muricholic acid as promising biomarkers for AP, with the potential to improve early diagnosis and treatment. These findings underscore the clinical value of metabolomics in developing diagnostic tools for AP, facilitating better clinical management and patient outcomes. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers in larger cohorts and explore their mechanistic roles in AP pathophysiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ee97051981d4990964bb49962e5d430 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2466 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ee97051981d4990964bb49962e5d4302025-02-09T12:09:37ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662025-02-0125111310.1186/s12890-025-03519-xStudy on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumoniaLianghui Chen0Yazhen Chen1Fansen Lin2Jianbao Wang3Hongzhi Gao4Yuqi Liu5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityAbstract Background Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is a type of lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of food, oropharyngeal secretions, or gastric contents. This condition is particularly common in older adults and individuals with impaired swallowing or consciousness. While the diagnosis of AP relies on clinical history, swallowing assessments, and imaging, these methods have significant limitations, often leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Reliable biomarkers for AP diagnosis are lacking, making early detection and treatment challenging. Methods Nineteen patients diagnosed with pneumonia were included in this study, divided into two groups: AP (n = 10) and non-AP (n = 9). Biological fluid samples, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), saliva, serum, sputum, and urine, were analyzed using non-targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were identified using fold change analysis, statistical significance, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between selected metabolites and clinical parameters. Results Significant metabolic differences were found between AP and non-AP patients, with many different metabolites identified across biological fluids. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Androstenediol-3-sulfate (ADIOLS), and beta-muricholic acid were identified as key biomarkers through fold change analysis and ROC curve analysis, showing consistent increasing or decreasing trends in BALF, sputum, and serum samples. DHEAS was found to be negatively correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (r = − 0.619, p = 0.005) in BALF sample. The area under curve (AUC) values showed that these molecules could serve as effective biomarkers for AP. Conclusions This study identifies DHEAS, ADIOLS and beta-muricholic acid as promising biomarkers for AP, with the potential to improve early diagnosis and treatment. These findings underscore the clinical value of metabolomics in developing diagnostic tools for AP, facilitating better clinical management and patient outcomes. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers in larger cohorts and explore their mechanistic roles in AP pathophysiology.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03519-xAspiration pneumoniaMetabolic profilesBiomarkerLiquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Lianghui Chen Yazhen Chen Fansen Lin Jianbao Wang Hongzhi Gao Yuqi Liu Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia BMC Pulmonary Medicine Aspiration pneumonia Metabolic profiles Biomarker Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry |
| title | Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| title_full | Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| title_fullStr | Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| title_short | Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| title_sort | study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia |
| topic | Aspiration pneumonia Metabolic profiles Biomarker Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03519-x |
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