Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors can result in overlap syndrome comprised of myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis. However, the mortality predictors have not been clearly delineated. Methods We examined the characteristics of 11 patients diagnosed with overlap syndrome at Clev...

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Main Authors: Joshua Longinow, Mohammad Zmaili, Warren Skoza, Nicholas Kondoleon, Robert Marquardt, Cassandra Calabrese, Pauline Funchain, Rohit Moudgil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-02-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5050
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author Joshua Longinow
Mohammad Zmaili
Warren Skoza
Nicholas Kondoleon
Robert Marquardt
Cassandra Calabrese
Pauline Funchain
Rohit Moudgil
author_facet Joshua Longinow
Mohammad Zmaili
Warren Skoza
Nicholas Kondoleon
Robert Marquardt
Cassandra Calabrese
Pauline Funchain
Rohit Moudgil
author_sort Joshua Longinow
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors can result in overlap syndrome comprised of myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis. However, the mortality predictors have not been clearly delineated. Methods We examined the characteristics of 11 patients diagnosed with overlap syndrome at Cleveland Clinic. All the available clinical, diagnostic, biochemical and disease specific factors were examined. Clinical predictors of increased mortality were using student t‐test for parametric data and Wilcoxon‐signed rank testing for nonparametric data. Results Seven patients out of eleven patients were alive during the analysis. Our study did confirm that troponins were indicator of early demise. However, study showed that elevated creatinine, BUN, and decreased hemoglobin were also observed in patients who met early demise. Unlike previously published studies, elevated NT Pro‐BNP and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were not a seen in this study. However, there were higher incidence of electrical abnormalities in deceased patients when compared to alive. Conclusion Our study is first to examine various clinical parameters of overlap syndrome that might be predictive of mortality. This study confirms troponin as possible predictor and adds elevated creatinine, BUN and reduced hemoglobin as possible early biomarkers in deceased patients. The analysis showed that reduced LVEF was not a seen in deceased patients.
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spelling doaj-art-9ee82cc7c56b4358ac8be43a4cb50e652025-08-20T02:23:32ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342023-02-011232281228910.1002/cam4.5050Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case seriesJoshua Longinow0Mohammad Zmaili1Warren Skoza2Nicholas Kondoleon3Robert Marquardt4Cassandra Calabrese5Pauline Funchain6Rohit Moudgil7Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USASection of Clinical Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USADepartment of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio USAAbstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors can result in overlap syndrome comprised of myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis. However, the mortality predictors have not been clearly delineated. Methods We examined the characteristics of 11 patients diagnosed with overlap syndrome at Cleveland Clinic. All the available clinical, diagnostic, biochemical and disease specific factors were examined. Clinical predictors of increased mortality were using student t‐test for parametric data and Wilcoxon‐signed rank testing for nonparametric data. Results Seven patients out of eleven patients were alive during the analysis. Our study did confirm that troponins were indicator of early demise. However, study showed that elevated creatinine, BUN, and decreased hemoglobin were also observed in patients who met early demise. Unlike previously published studies, elevated NT Pro‐BNP and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were not a seen in this study. However, there were higher incidence of electrical abnormalities in deceased patients when compared to alive. Conclusion Our study is first to examine various clinical parameters of overlap syndrome that might be predictive of mortality. This study confirms troponin as possible predictor and adds elevated creatinine, BUN and reduced hemoglobin as possible early biomarkers in deceased patients. The analysis showed that reduced LVEF was not a seen in deceased patients.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5050immune‐checkpoint inhibitorimmune‐related adverse eventmyasthenia gravismyocarditismyositisoverlap syndrome
spellingShingle Joshua Longinow
Mohammad Zmaili
Warren Skoza
Nicholas Kondoleon
Robert Marquardt
Cassandra Calabrese
Pauline Funchain
Rohit Moudgil
Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
Cancer Medicine
immune‐checkpoint inhibitor
immune‐related adverse event
myasthenia gravis
myocarditis
myositis
overlap syndrome
title Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
title_full Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
title_fullStr Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
title_full_unstemmed Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
title_short Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
title_sort immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis myasthenia gravis and myositis a single center case series
topic immune‐checkpoint inhibitor
immune‐related adverse event
myasthenia gravis
myocarditis
myositis
overlap syndrome
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5050
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