Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344

We present the discovery of a Jupiter-like planet, HD 73344 d ( ${m}_{d}=2.5{5}_{-0.46}^{+0.56}\,{M}_{J}$ , ${a}_{d}=6.7{0}_{-0.26}^{+0.25}$ au, ${e}_{d}=0.1{8}_{-0.12}^{+0.14}$ ) based on 27 yr radial velocity (RV) observations from ELODIE, Lick/Hamilton, SOPHIE, APF, and HIRES. HD 73344 also hosts...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jingwen Zhang, Lauren M. Weiss, Daniel Huber, Jerry W. Xuan, Michael Bottom, Benjamin J. Fulton, Howard Isaacson, Mason G. MacDougall, Nicholas Saunders
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astronomical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada60a
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850067706827505664
author Jingwen Zhang
Lauren M. Weiss
Daniel Huber
Jerry W. Xuan
Michael Bottom
Benjamin J. Fulton
Howard Isaacson
Mason G. MacDougall
Nicholas Saunders
author_facet Jingwen Zhang
Lauren M. Weiss
Daniel Huber
Jerry W. Xuan
Michael Bottom
Benjamin J. Fulton
Howard Isaacson
Mason G. MacDougall
Nicholas Saunders
author_sort Jingwen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description We present the discovery of a Jupiter-like planet, HD 73344 d ( ${m}_{d}=2.5{5}_{-0.46}^{+0.56}\,{M}_{J}$ , ${a}_{d}=6.7{0}_{-0.26}^{+0.25}$ au, ${e}_{d}=0.1{8}_{-0.12}^{+0.14}$ ) based on 27 yr radial velocity (RV) observations from ELODIE, Lick/Hamilton, SOPHIE, APF, and HIRES. HD 73344 also hosts a compact inner planetary system, including a transiting sub-Neptune, HD 73344 b ( P _b  = 15.61 days, ${r}_{b}=2.8{8}_{-0.07}^{+0.08}\,{R}_{\oplus }$ ), and a nontransiting Saturn-mass planet ( P _c  = 65.936 days, ${m}_{c}\,\sin \,{i}_{c}=0.36{7}_{-0.021}^{+0.022}\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}$ ). By analyzing TESS light curves, we identified a stellar rotation period of 9.03 ± 1.3 days. Combining this with $v\,\sin \,{i}_{* }$ measurements from stellar spectra, we derived a stellar inclination of $63.{{6}^{\circ }}_{-16.5}^{+17.4}$ . Furthermore, by combining RVs and Hipparcos–Gaia astrometric acceleration, we characterized the three-dimensional orbit of the outer giant planet and constrained its mutual inclination relative to the innermost transiting planet to be 46° < Δ I _bd  < 134° (1 σ ) and 20° < Δ I _bd  < 160° (2 σ ), strongly disfavoring coplanar architectures. Our analytical calculations and N -body simulations reveal that the two inner planets are strongly coupled with each other and undergo nodal precession together around the orbital axis of the giant planet. During nodal precession, the orbital inclinations of inner planets oscillate with time and therefore become misaligned relative to the stellar spin axis. The formation of such systems suggests a history of planet–planet scattering or misalignment between the inner and outer components of protoplanetary disks. The upcoming release of Gaia Data Release 4 will uncover more systems similar to HD 73344, and enable the study of the flatness of exoplanet systems with a mixture of inner and outer planetary systems on a statistical level.
format Article
id doaj-art-9ecc467b70114960aa95dd50104419e1
institution DOAJ
issn 1538-3881
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
record_format Article
series The Astronomical Journal
spelling doaj-art-9ecc467b70114960aa95dd50104419e12025-08-20T02:48:13ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169420010.3847/1538-3881/ada60aDiscovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344Jingwen Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2696-2406Lauren M. Weiss1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-3058Daniel Huber2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-4488Jerry W. Xuan3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-1137Michael Bottom4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-5531Benjamin J. Fulton5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-5316Howard Isaacson6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-1073Mason G. MacDougall7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-9043Nicholas Saunders8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-3889Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ; jingwen7@hawaii.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ; jingwen7@hawaii.edu; Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa , 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech-IPAC , California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley , 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ; jingwen7@hawaii.eduWe present the discovery of a Jupiter-like planet, HD 73344 d ( ${m}_{d}=2.5{5}_{-0.46}^{+0.56}\,{M}_{J}$ , ${a}_{d}=6.7{0}_{-0.26}^{+0.25}$ au, ${e}_{d}=0.1{8}_{-0.12}^{+0.14}$ ) based on 27 yr radial velocity (RV) observations from ELODIE, Lick/Hamilton, SOPHIE, APF, and HIRES. HD 73344 also hosts a compact inner planetary system, including a transiting sub-Neptune, HD 73344 b ( P _b  = 15.61 days, ${r}_{b}=2.8{8}_{-0.07}^{+0.08}\,{R}_{\oplus }$ ), and a nontransiting Saturn-mass planet ( P _c  = 65.936 days, ${m}_{c}\,\sin \,{i}_{c}=0.36{7}_{-0.021}^{+0.022}\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}$ ). By analyzing TESS light curves, we identified a stellar rotation period of 9.03 ± 1.3 days. Combining this with $v\,\sin \,{i}_{* }$ measurements from stellar spectra, we derived a stellar inclination of $63.{{6}^{\circ }}_{-16.5}^{+17.4}$ . Furthermore, by combining RVs and Hipparcos–Gaia astrometric acceleration, we characterized the three-dimensional orbit of the outer giant planet and constrained its mutual inclination relative to the innermost transiting planet to be 46° < Δ I _bd  < 134° (1 σ ) and 20° < Δ I _bd  < 160° (2 σ ), strongly disfavoring coplanar architectures. Our analytical calculations and N -body simulations reveal that the two inner planets are strongly coupled with each other and undergo nodal precession together around the orbital axis of the giant planet. During nodal precession, the orbital inclinations of inner planets oscillate with time and therefore become misaligned relative to the stellar spin axis. The formation of such systems suggests a history of planet–planet scattering or misalignment between the inner and outer components of protoplanetary disks. The upcoming release of Gaia Data Release 4 will uncover more systems similar to HD 73344, and enable the study of the flatness of exoplanet systems with a mixture of inner and outer planetary systems on a statistical level.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada60aExtrasolar gaseous giant planetsRadial velocityGaiaSpace astrometryExoplanet dynamics
spellingShingle Jingwen Zhang
Lauren M. Weiss
Daniel Huber
Jerry W. Xuan
Michael Bottom
Benjamin J. Fulton
Howard Isaacson
Mason G. MacDougall
Nicholas Saunders
Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
The Astronomical Journal
Extrasolar gaseous giant planets
Radial velocity
Gaia
Space astrometry
Exoplanet dynamics
title Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
title_full Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
title_fullStr Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
title_full_unstemmed Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
title_short Discovery of a Jupiter Analog Misaligned to the Inner Planetary System in HD 73344
title_sort discovery of a jupiter analog misaligned to the inner planetary system in hd 73344
topic Extrasolar gaseous giant planets
Radial velocity
Gaia
Space astrometry
Exoplanet dynamics
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada60a
work_keys_str_mv AT jingwenzhang discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT laurenmweiss discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT danielhuber discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT jerrywxuan discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT michaelbottom discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT benjaminjfulton discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT howardisaacson discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT masongmacdougall discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344
AT nicholassaunders discoveryofajupiteranalogmisalignedtotheinnerplanetarysysteminhd73344