COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To analyze the vaccination status against COVID-19 and factors associated with deaths from the disease. Method Cross-sectional study with secondary data on deaths from COVID-19 in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, between February 2020 and December 2023. Individuals under 1...

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Main Authors: Tatiane Comerio, João Paulo Cola, Keila Cristina Mascarello, Carolina Maia Martins Sales, Brenda Silva Freire, Adjane da Silva Vasconcelos, Marcia Christina de Souza, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil 2025-07-01
Series:Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-96222025000100257&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Tatiane Comerio
João Paulo Cola
Keila Cristina Mascarello
Carolina Maia Martins Sales
Brenda Silva Freire
Adjane da Silva Vasconcelos
Marcia Christina de Souza
Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
author_facet Tatiane Comerio
João Paulo Cola
Keila Cristina Mascarello
Carolina Maia Martins Sales
Brenda Silva Freire
Adjane da Silva Vasconcelos
Marcia Christina de Souza
Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
author_sort Tatiane Comerio
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To analyze the vaccination status against COVID-19 and factors associated with deaths from the disease. Method Cross-sectional study with secondary data on deaths from COVID-19 in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, between February 2020 and December 2023. Individuals under 18 years of age and those with unavailable vaccination status were excluded. Relative and absolute frequencies were calculated by vaccination status. Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 1,460 deaths were included, of which 244 (16.7%) had received ≥2 doses of the vaccines. Among the unvaccinated individuals, the highest frequency of deaths was recorded in individuals aged 60 to 79 years (47.9%), male (56.4%), and non-white race/skin color (53.0%). The PR of death in vaccinated individuals was higher in people ≥80 years old (PR 5.55; 95%CI 2.92; 10.55), 60-79 years old (PR 3.61; 95%CI 1.95; 6.69), with chronic lung disease (PR 1.35; 95%CI 1.03; 1.78) or chronic neurological disease (PR 1.37; 95%CI 1.08; 1.72), respiratory distress (PR 1.51; 95%CI 1.02; 2.23), desaturation (PR 1.97; 95%CI 1.35; 2.88) and adynamia (PR 2.80; 95%CI 2.02; 3.90). People with 1-4 years of schooling (PR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44; 0.90), 5-8 years of schooling (PR 0.57; 95%CI 0.39; 0.84), ≥8 years of schooling (PR 0.66; 95%CI 0.45; 0.97) had a lower prevalence. Conclusion The highest prevalence of deaths among vaccinated individuals was associated with age ≥60 years, chronic lung or neurological disease, respiratory distress, desaturation, and adynamia. Loss of immunological memory in the elderly indicates the need for vaccine boosters to prevent deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-9ec904aa8db54e0c80a11b2c371be1e42025-08-20T03:35:20ZengMinistério da Saúde do BrasilEpidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde2237-96222025-07-013410.1590/s2237-96222025v34e20240700.enCOVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional studyTatiane Comeriohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-8080João Paulo Colahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-4686Keila Cristina Mascarellohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-6288Carolina Maia Martins Saleshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2879-5621Brenda Silva Freirehttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-3692-6407Adjane da Silva Vasconceloshttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3050-658XMarcia Christina de Souzahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-6149Ethel Leonor Noia Macielhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3355Abstract Objective To analyze the vaccination status against COVID-19 and factors associated with deaths from the disease. Method Cross-sectional study with secondary data on deaths from COVID-19 in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, between February 2020 and December 2023. Individuals under 18 years of age and those with unavailable vaccination status were excluded. Relative and absolute frequencies were calculated by vaccination status. Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 1,460 deaths were included, of which 244 (16.7%) had received ≥2 doses of the vaccines. Among the unvaccinated individuals, the highest frequency of deaths was recorded in individuals aged 60 to 79 years (47.9%), male (56.4%), and non-white race/skin color (53.0%). The PR of death in vaccinated individuals was higher in people ≥80 years old (PR 5.55; 95%CI 2.92; 10.55), 60-79 years old (PR 3.61; 95%CI 1.95; 6.69), with chronic lung disease (PR 1.35; 95%CI 1.03; 1.78) or chronic neurological disease (PR 1.37; 95%CI 1.08; 1.72), respiratory distress (PR 1.51; 95%CI 1.02; 2.23), desaturation (PR 1.97; 95%CI 1.35; 2.88) and adynamia (PR 2.80; 95%CI 2.02; 3.90). People with 1-4 years of schooling (PR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44; 0.90), 5-8 years of schooling (PR 0.57; 95%CI 0.39; 0.84), ≥8 years of schooling (PR 0.66; 95%CI 0.45; 0.97) had a lower prevalence. Conclusion The highest prevalence of deaths among vaccinated individuals was associated with age ≥60 years, chronic lung or neurological disease, respiratory distress, desaturation, and adynamia. Loss of immunological memory in the elderly indicates the need for vaccine boosters to prevent deaths.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-96222025000100257&lng=en&tlng=enCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesMortalitySociodemographic FactorsComorbidity
spellingShingle Tatiane Comerio
João Paulo Cola
Keila Cristina Mascarello
Carolina Maia Martins Sales
Brenda Silva Freire
Adjane da Silva Vasconcelos
Marcia Christina de Souza
Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Mortality
Sociodemographic Factors
Comorbidity
title COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
title_full COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
title_fullStr COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
title_short COVID-19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease, Vitória, 2020-2023: cross-sectional study
title_sort covid 19 vaccination status and factors associated with deaths from the disease vitoria 2020 2023 cross sectional study
topic COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Mortality
Sociodemographic Factors
Comorbidity
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-96222025000100257&lng=en&tlng=en
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