Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications

Abstract This paper presents a flexible and low-profile frequency selective metasurface (FSMS) resonating at 10 GHz. The proposed FSMS is a single-layer design with stable response under conformal applications. The inter-element capacitance has been enhanced by introducing lumped capacitors. This te...

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Main Authors: Haider Ali, Laeeq Riaz, Bilal Tariq Malik, Muhammad Farhan Shafique, Slawomir Koziel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07696-x
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author Haider Ali
Laeeq Riaz
Bilal Tariq Malik
Muhammad Farhan Shafique
Slawomir Koziel
author_facet Haider Ali
Laeeq Riaz
Bilal Tariq Malik
Muhammad Farhan Shafique
Slawomir Koziel
author_sort Haider Ali
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents a flexible and low-profile frequency selective metasurface (FSMS) resonating at 10 GHz. The proposed FSMS is a single-layer design with stable response under conformal applications. The inter-element capacitance has been enhanced by introducing lumped capacitors. This technique has significantly reduced the size of the unit element (UE) and enabled operation around the 2 GHz frequency band. The proposed capacitive-loaded structure is highly compact with a wideband transmission response featuring 95% fractional bandwidth (1.2 GHz to 3.1 GHz). The proposed FSMS design architecture is easy to reconfigure for any resonant frequency by tuning the inter-element capacitors. Its small size of 5.3 $$\times$$ 5.3 $$\hbox {mm}^2$$ enables the design to be used effectively at S, C, and X-band wrapping applications, which is otherwise infeasible with larger UEs. In addition to miniaturization, the design offers high angular stability and polarization insensitivity for different wrapping angles.
format Article
id doaj-art-9eb5a6a83c4e4dd399b1ef53c82e1e43
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-9eb5a6a83c4e4dd399b1ef53c82e1e432025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-07696-xUltra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applicationsHaider Ali0Laeeq Riaz1Bilal Tariq Malik2Muhammad Farhan Shafique3Slawomir Koziel4Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University IslamabadElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University IslamabadFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdansk University of TechnologyElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University IslamabadFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdansk University of TechnologyAbstract This paper presents a flexible and low-profile frequency selective metasurface (FSMS) resonating at 10 GHz. The proposed FSMS is a single-layer design with stable response under conformal applications. The inter-element capacitance has been enhanced by introducing lumped capacitors. This technique has significantly reduced the size of the unit element (UE) and enabled operation around the 2 GHz frequency band. The proposed capacitive-loaded structure is highly compact with a wideband transmission response featuring 95% fractional bandwidth (1.2 GHz to 3.1 GHz). The proposed FSMS design architecture is easy to reconfigure for any resonant frequency by tuning the inter-element capacitors. Its small size of 5.3 $$\times$$ 5.3 $$\hbox {mm}^2$$ enables the design to be used effectively at S, C, and X-band wrapping applications, which is otherwise infeasible with larger UEs. In addition to miniaturization, the design offers high angular stability and polarization insensitivity for different wrapping angles.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07696-xFrequency Selective Surface FSSMiniaturizationMetasurface
spellingShingle Haider Ali
Laeeq Riaz
Bilal Tariq Malik
Muhammad Farhan Shafique
Slawomir Koziel
Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
Scientific Reports
Frequency Selective Surface FSS
Miniaturization
Metasurface
title Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
title_full Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
title_fullStr Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
title_short Ultra-miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for S, C, and X band applications
title_sort ultra miniaturized capacitive loaded conformal frequency selective metasurface for s c and x band applications
topic Frequency Selective Surface FSS
Miniaturization
Metasurface
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07696-x
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