Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species

Microplastics currently pose a serious threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The high mobility of particles and their diversity in size, material and shape lets them spread widely. Further complicating matters is the ever-expanding plastics industry and modifications to its manufacturing pro...

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Main Authors: Marek Klimasz, Anna Grobelak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/201
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author Marek Klimasz
Anna Grobelak
author_facet Marek Klimasz
Anna Grobelak
author_sort Marek Klimasz
collection DOAJ
description Microplastics currently pose a serious threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The high mobility of particles and their diversity in size, material and shape lets them spread widely. Further complicating matters is the ever-expanding plastics industry and modifications to its manufacturing processes. To date, many cases of negative, often toxic effects of microplastics on various species such as fish, birds and mammals have been documented. The methodology for measuring and determining the effects of microplastics on soil organisms is still an area of little understanding and certainly requires further study. In our conducted experiment, we reported the effects of selected microplastics in soil (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyamide and a mixture of these plastics) at concentrations of 0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> and 1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> at two time intervals, one and three months, on five different earthworm species, identifying the species-related microplastic response. This study investigated the effects of different microplastics on biological parameters such as survival and respiration and biochemical parameters such as effects on glutathione s-transferase (GST), a marker of detoxification and adaptive response in earthworm species <i>Eisenia andrei</i>, <i>Eisenia fetida</i>, <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>, <i>Apporectoda caliginosa</i> and <i>Dendrobena veneta.</i> The choices of species and the types of microplastic selected are intended to map the occurrence of microplastic contamination in the soil and determine the adaptation of earthworms to changing environmental conditions, considering their ecological significance and functional diversity in soil ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-9eafc29b98ca47058d764651cc9f7cd42025-08-20T02:43:04ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-03-0113320110.3390/toxics13030201Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm SpeciesMarek Klimasz0Anna Grobelak1Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandFaculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandMicroplastics currently pose a serious threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The high mobility of particles and their diversity in size, material and shape lets them spread widely. Further complicating matters is the ever-expanding plastics industry and modifications to its manufacturing processes. To date, many cases of negative, often toxic effects of microplastics on various species such as fish, birds and mammals have been documented. The methodology for measuring and determining the effects of microplastics on soil organisms is still an area of little understanding and certainly requires further study. In our conducted experiment, we reported the effects of selected microplastics in soil (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyamide and a mixture of these plastics) at concentrations of 0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> and 1% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> at two time intervals, one and three months, on five different earthworm species, identifying the species-related microplastic response. This study investigated the effects of different microplastics on biological parameters such as survival and respiration and biochemical parameters such as effects on glutathione s-transferase (GST), a marker of detoxification and adaptive response in earthworm species <i>Eisenia andrei</i>, <i>Eisenia fetida</i>, <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>, <i>Apporectoda caliginosa</i> and <i>Dendrobena veneta.</i> The choices of species and the types of microplastic selected are intended to map the occurrence of microplastic contamination in the soil and determine the adaptation of earthworms to changing environmental conditions, considering their ecological significance and functional diversity in soil ecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/201microplastichigh-density polyethyleneadaptive responseearthworms
spellingShingle Marek Klimasz
Anna Grobelak
Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
Toxics
microplastic
high-density polyethylene
adaptive response
earthworms
title Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
title_full Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
title_fullStr Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
title_short Effects of Microplastics on Selected Earthworm Species
title_sort effects of microplastics on selected earthworm species
topic microplastic
high-density polyethylene
adaptive response
earthworms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/201
work_keys_str_mv AT marekklimasz effectsofmicroplasticsonselectedearthwormspecies
AT annagrobelak effectsofmicroplasticsonselectedearthwormspecies