Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar
BackgroundIn March 2020, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 prompted global vaccination campaigns to mitigate COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. The 2-dose BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine effectively reduced infection and mortality rates, however, waning vaccine effectiveness necessitated the introduction o...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| author | Remy Thomas Ahmed Zaqout Bakhita Meqbel Umar Jafar Umar Jafar Nishant N. Vaikath Abdullah Aldushain Adviti Naik Hibah Shaath Neyla S. Al-Akl Abdi Adam Houda Y. A. Moussa Kyung C. Shin Rowaida Z. Taha Mohammed Abukhattab Muna A. Almaslamani Nehad M. Alajez Nehad M. Alajez Abdelilah Arredouani Abdelilah Arredouani Yongsoo Park Yongsoo Park Sara A. Abdulla Sara A. Abdulla Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Ali S. Omrani Ali S. Omrani Julie Decock Julie Decock |
| author_facet | Remy Thomas Ahmed Zaqout Bakhita Meqbel Umar Jafar Umar Jafar Nishant N. Vaikath Abdullah Aldushain Adviti Naik Hibah Shaath Neyla S. Al-Akl Abdi Adam Houda Y. A. Moussa Kyung C. Shin Rowaida Z. Taha Mohammed Abukhattab Muna A. Almaslamani Nehad M. Alajez Nehad M. Alajez Abdelilah Arredouani Abdelilah Arredouani Yongsoo Park Yongsoo Park Sara A. Abdulla Sara A. Abdulla Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Ali S. Omrani Ali S. Omrani Julie Decock Julie Decock |
| author_sort | Remy Thomas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIn March 2020, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 prompted global vaccination campaigns to mitigate COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. The 2-dose BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine effectively reduced infection and mortality rates, however, waning vaccine effectiveness necessitated the introduction of a third vaccine dose or booster.AimTo assess the magnitude and longevity of booster-induced immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral immune responses among Qatar’s vulnerable craft and manual worker community. We also investigated the impact of prior naturally acquired immunity on booster vaccination efficacy.MethodsSeventy healthy participants were enrolled in the study, of whom half had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples were collected before and after booster vaccination to evaluate immune responses through SARS-CoV-2 specific ELISpots, IgG ELISA, neutralization assays, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping.ResultsT cell analysis revealed increased Th1 cytokine responses, marked by enhanced IFN-γ release, in recently infected participants, which was further enhanced by booster vaccination for up to 6-months. Furthermore, booster vaccination stimulated cytotoxic responses in infection-naïve participants, characterized by granzyme B production. Both natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination induced robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune responses, with high neutralizing antibody levels. Prior natural infection was also linked to an increased number of class-switched B cells prior to booster vaccination.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in enhancing anti-viral immunity across both infection-naïve and previously infected individuals, enhancing distinct arms of the anti-viral immune response and prolonging naturally acquired immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ea998ea2d814aa39fabd9ec3619523a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ea998ea2d814aa39fabd9ec3619523a2025-08-20T01:49:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15574261557426Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in QatarRemy Thomas0Ahmed Zaqout1Bakhita Meqbel2Umar Jafar3Umar Jafar4Nishant N. Vaikath5Abdullah Aldushain6Adviti Naik7Hibah Shaath8Neyla S. Al-Akl9Abdi Adam10Houda Y. A. Moussa11Kyung C. Shin12Rowaida Z. Taha13Mohammed Abukhattab14Muna A. Almaslamani15Nehad M. Alajez16Nehad M. Alajez17Abdelilah Arredouani18Abdelilah Arredouani19Yongsoo Park20Yongsoo Park21Sara A. Abdulla22Sara A. Abdulla23Omar M. A. El-Agnaf24Omar M. A. El-Agnaf25Ali S. Omrani26Ali S. Omrani27Julie Decock28Julie Decock29Translational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCommunicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCommunicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarDiabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarClinical Core, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCommunicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, QatarCommunicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarDiabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarNeurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCommunicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, QatarCollege of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QatarTranslational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, QatarBackgroundIn March 2020, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 prompted global vaccination campaigns to mitigate COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. The 2-dose BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine effectively reduced infection and mortality rates, however, waning vaccine effectiveness necessitated the introduction of a third vaccine dose or booster.AimTo assess the magnitude and longevity of booster-induced immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral immune responses among Qatar’s vulnerable craft and manual worker community. We also investigated the impact of prior naturally acquired immunity on booster vaccination efficacy.MethodsSeventy healthy participants were enrolled in the study, of whom half had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples were collected before and after booster vaccination to evaluate immune responses through SARS-CoV-2 specific ELISpots, IgG ELISA, neutralization assays, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping.ResultsT cell analysis revealed increased Th1 cytokine responses, marked by enhanced IFN-γ release, in recently infected participants, which was further enhanced by booster vaccination for up to 6-months. Furthermore, booster vaccination stimulated cytotoxic responses in infection-naïve participants, characterized by granzyme B production. Both natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination induced robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune responses, with high neutralizing antibody levels. Prior natural infection was also linked to an increased number of class-switched B cells prior to booster vaccination.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in enhancing anti-viral immunity across both infection-naïve and previously infected individuals, enhancing distinct arms of the anti-viral immune response and prolonging naturally acquired immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1557426/fullSARS-CoV-2BNT162b2boosterimmune responseimmunological memory |
| spellingShingle | Remy Thomas Ahmed Zaqout Bakhita Meqbel Umar Jafar Umar Jafar Nishant N. Vaikath Abdullah Aldushain Adviti Naik Hibah Shaath Neyla S. Al-Akl Abdi Adam Houda Y. A. Moussa Kyung C. Shin Rowaida Z. Taha Mohammed Abukhattab Muna A. Almaslamani Nehad M. Alajez Nehad M. Alajez Abdelilah Arredouani Abdelilah Arredouani Yongsoo Park Yongsoo Park Sara A. Abdulla Sara A. Abdulla Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Omar M. A. El-Agnaf Ali S. Omrani Ali S. Omrani Julie Decock Julie Decock Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 booster immune response immunological memory |
| title | Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar |
| title_full | Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar |
| title_short | Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar |
| title_sort | longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following covid 19 bnt162b2 mrna based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in qatar |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 booster immune response immunological memory |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1557426/full |
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