Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling

Abstract Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that adversely affects various physiological systems, particularly male reproductive health. Research indicates that T2DM increases the risk of retrograde ejaculation, impairing sexual function and fertility. Dysregulation of l...

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Main Authors: Yi Yu, Peng-Fei Liu, Ming-Wei Zhan, Yao-Qi Chen, Yu-Qi Lai, Lei Wang, Jun-Jie Wu, Fan Yao, Xue-Qin Chen, Xue-Jun Shang, Ke-Rong Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06590-4
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author Yi Yu
Peng-Fei Liu
Ming-Wei Zhan
Yao-Qi Chen
Yu-Qi Lai
Lei Wang
Jun-Jie Wu
Fan Yao
Xue-Qin Chen
Xue-Jun Shang
Ke-Rong Wu
author_facet Yi Yu
Peng-Fei Liu
Ming-Wei Zhan
Yao-Qi Chen
Yu-Qi Lai
Lei Wang
Jun-Jie Wu
Fan Yao
Xue-Qin Chen
Xue-Jun Shang
Ke-Rong Wu
author_sort Yi Yu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that adversely affects various physiological systems, particularly male reproductive health. Research indicates that T2DM increases the risk of retrograde ejaculation, impairing sexual function and fertility. Dysregulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX) has been linked to diabetes-related complications in the male reproductive system. However, its role in seminal vesicle remains unclear. This study investigates LOX’s involvement in diabetes-related seminal vesicle pathology using human and mouse models. We assessed LOX expression in the seminal vesicles of men with T2DM and created a T2DM mouse model to observe changes. Our findings revealed elevated LOX expression in the seminal vesicles of T2DM men, accompanied by epithelial atrophy and fibrosis. Similarly, T2DM mice displayed significant atrophy and fibrosis of the seminal vesicles, correlated with increased LOX levels. Treatment with the LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BANP), significantly improved extracellular matrix remodeling and normalized the architecture of the seminal vesicles. Besides, LOX inhibition led to a significant reduction in T lymphocyte infiltration and apoptosis in the seminal vesicle epithelium of T2DM mice.These results highlight LOX’s critical role in seminal vesicle fibrosis associated with T2DM. Targeting LOX may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate reproductive complications and preserve reproductive health in men with T2DM. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-9e9a9bf4e1f944cc86b8a575a8ab85522025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762025-07-0123111510.1186/s12967-025-06590-4Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signalingYi Yu0Peng-Fei Liu1Ming-Wei Zhan2Yao-Qi Chen3Yu-Qi Lai4Lei Wang5Jun-Jie Wu6Fan Yao7Xue-Qin Chen8Xue-Jun Shang9Ke-Rong Wu10Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandCenter for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityDepartment of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater CommandDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityAbstract Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that adversely affects various physiological systems, particularly male reproductive health. Research indicates that T2DM increases the risk of retrograde ejaculation, impairing sexual function and fertility. Dysregulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX) has been linked to diabetes-related complications in the male reproductive system. However, its role in seminal vesicle remains unclear. This study investigates LOX’s involvement in diabetes-related seminal vesicle pathology using human and mouse models. We assessed LOX expression in the seminal vesicles of men with T2DM and created a T2DM mouse model to observe changes. Our findings revealed elevated LOX expression in the seminal vesicles of T2DM men, accompanied by epithelial atrophy and fibrosis. Similarly, T2DM mice displayed significant atrophy and fibrosis of the seminal vesicles, correlated with increased LOX levels. Treatment with the LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BANP), significantly improved extracellular matrix remodeling and normalized the architecture of the seminal vesicles. Besides, LOX inhibition led to a significant reduction in T lymphocyte infiltration and apoptosis in the seminal vesicle epithelium of T2DM mice.These results highlight LOX’s critical role in seminal vesicle fibrosis associated with T2DM. Targeting LOX may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate reproductive complications and preserve reproductive health in men with T2DM. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06590-4Lysyl oxidaseType-2 diabetes mellitusTGF-β1Seminal vesicleFibrosisApoptosis
spellingShingle Yi Yu
Peng-Fei Liu
Ming-Wei Zhan
Yao-Qi Chen
Yu-Qi Lai
Lei Wang
Jun-Jie Wu
Fan Yao
Xue-Qin Chen
Xue-Jun Shang
Ke-Rong Wu
Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
Journal of Translational Medicine
Lysyl oxidase
Type-2 diabetes mellitus
TGF-β1
Seminal vesicle
Fibrosis
Apoptosis
title Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
title_full Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
title_fullStr Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
title_full_unstemmed Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
title_short Lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type-2 diabetes mellitus through TGF-β1 signaling
title_sort lysyl oxidase promotes seminal vesicle atrophy and fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus through tgf β1 signaling
topic Lysyl oxidase
Type-2 diabetes mellitus
TGF-β1
Seminal vesicle
Fibrosis
Apoptosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06590-4
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