Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases
BackgroundOverweight and obesity are a global pandemic, contributing to death and disability-adjusted life-years. Obesity is a major factor in the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Yet, several knowledge gaps remain: For several CIDs, inconsistent results have been reported, relating to...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1516433/full |
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| author | Sadegh Mousavi Katja Bieber Henner Zirpel Artem Vorobyev Henning Olbrich Cristian Papara Cristian Papara David A. De Luca David A. De Luca Diamant Thaci Enno Schmidt Gabriele Riemekasten Peter Lamprecht Matthias Laudes Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Ralf J. Ludwig Ralf J. Ludwig |
| author_facet | Sadegh Mousavi Katja Bieber Henner Zirpel Artem Vorobyev Henning Olbrich Cristian Papara Cristian Papara David A. De Luca David A. De Luca Diamant Thaci Enno Schmidt Gabriele Riemekasten Peter Lamprecht Matthias Laudes Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Ralf J. Ludwig Ralf J. Ludwig |
| author_sort | Sadegh Mousavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundOverweight and obesity are a global pandemic, contributing to death and disability-adjusted life-years. Obesity is a major factor in the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Yet, several knowledge gaps remain: For several CIDs, inconsistent results have been reported, relating to their obesity-imposed risk, data on most rare CIDs remain unavailable, sex differences and racial disparities remain mostly unaddressed.MethodsA large-scale cohort study compared the risk of developing 46 CIDs in individuals with overweight/obesity (n=3,101,824) to an equal number of non-overweight/obese individuals. Propensity score matching optimized between-group comparability, and sensitivity analyses assessed study robustness.ResultsThe risk of developing any CID was 28.48% in overweight/obese individuals versus 17.55% in non-overweight/obese controls, with a hazard ratio (95%-confidence interval) of 1.52 (1.509-1.521, p<0.0001). This risk was consistent across all sensitivity, sex-, and race-stratified analyses. Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk for 24 of 46 CIDs in the primary analysis and all sensitivity analyses. For 12 diseases, increased risks were confirmed to one of the two sensitivity analyses, while for 10 diseases, results were discordant. No increased risk was observed for one disease. In sex-stratified analysis, overweight and obesity posed a more pronounced risk for four CIDs in female individuals. In race-stratified analysis, overweight and obesity were linked to a higher risk for seven CIDs in White individuals and to one CID in “Black or African American” individuals.ConclusionOverweight and obesity increase the risk for the majority of CIDs in a sex- and race-specific manner. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e96f9b8a5d6417fb86b78b4c9d7b2c2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e96f9b8a5d6417fb86b78b4c9d7b2c22025-02-03T05:12:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-02-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15164331516433Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseasesSadegh Mousavi0Katja Bieber1Henner Zirpel2Artem Vorobyev3Henning Olbrich4Cristian Papara5Cristian Papara6David A. De Luca7David A. De Luca8Diamant Thaci9Enno Schmidt10Gabriele Riemekasten11Peter Lamprecht12Matthias Laudes13Khalaf Kridin14Khalaf Kridin15Khalaf Kridin16Ralf J. Ludwig17Ralf J. Ludwig18Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyInstitute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammatory Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyInstitute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammatory Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyInstitute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammatory Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyInstitute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammatory Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyInstitute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, GermanyLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyAzrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, IsraelUnit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, IsraelLübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyBackgroundOverweight and obesity are a global pandemic, contributing to death and disability-adjusted life-years. Obesity is a major factor in the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Yet, several knowledge gaps remain: For several CIDs, inconsistent results have been reported, relating to their obesity-imposed risk, data on most rare CIDs remain unavailable, sex differences and racial disparities remain mostly unaddressed.MethodsA large-scale cohort study compared the risk of developing 46 CIDs in individuals with overweight/obesity (n=3,101,824) to an equal number of non-overweight/obese individuals. Propensity score matching optimized between-group comparability, and sensitivity analyses assessed study robustness.ResultsThe risk of developing any CID was 28.48% in overweight/obese individuals versus 17.55% in non-overweight/obese controls, with a hazard ratio (95%-confidence interval) of 1.52 (1.509-1.521, p<0.0001). This risk was consistent across all sensitivity, sex-, and race-stratified analyses. Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk for 24 of 46 CIDs in the primary analysis and all sensitivity analyses. For 12 diseases, increased risks were confirmed to one of the two sensitivity analyses, while for 10 diseases, results were discordant. No increased risk was observed for one disease. In sex-stratified analysis, overweight and obesity posed a more pronounced risk for four CIDs in female individuals. In race-stratified analysis, overweight and obesity were linked to a higher risk for seven CIDs in White individuals and to one CID in “Black or African American” individuals.ConclusionOverweight and obesity increase the risk for the majority of CIDs in a sex- and race-specific manner.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1516433/fullobesityinflammationriskcohort studyracial disparitiessex differences |
| spellingShingle | Sadegh Mousavi Katja Bieber Henner Zirpel Artem Vorobyev Henning Olbrich Cristian Papara Cristian Papara David A. De Luca David A. De Luca Diamant Thaci Enno Schmidt Gabriele Riemekasten Peter Lamprecht Matthias Laudes Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Khalaf Kridin Ralf J. Ludwig Ralf J. Ludwig Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases Frontiers in Endocrinology obesity inflammation risk cohort study racial disparities sex differences |
| title | Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases |
| title_full | Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases |
| title_fullStr | Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases |
| title_short | Large-scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic, non-communicable inflammatory diseases |
| title_sort | large scale analysis highlights obesity as a risk factor for chronic non communicable inflammatory diseases |
| topic | obesity inflammation risk cohort study racial disparities sex differences |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1516433/full |
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