Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology

Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, with the Pap smear serving as a crucial tool for early detection. However, the effectiveness of Pap smear screening is compromised by false positives and negatives, necessitating robust Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) measures....

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Main Authors: Gracy Jeba Rani, S Sowmya, ES Keerthika Sri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20954/75326_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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author Gracy Jeba Rani
S Sowmya
ES Keerthika Sri
author_facet Gracy Jeba Rani
S Sowmya
ES Keerthika Sri
author_sort Gracy Jeba Rani
collection DOAJ
description Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, with the Pap smear serving as a crucial tool for early detection. However, the effectiveness of Pap smear screening is compromised by false positives and negatives, necessitating robust Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) measures. This review examines the preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of Pap smear cytology, focusing on quality indicators that enhance diagnostic accuracy. The 2014 refinement of the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology (BSRCC) provides a standardised framework for classifying cytological abnormalities. Key quality indicators, such as the ASCUS/SIL ratio and Cytology-Histology Concordance (CHC), are highlighted, along with the importance of Six Sigma metrics and Lean principles for evaluating and improving Pap smear procedures. The review emphasises the implementation of QC, QA, Six Sigma, and Lean principles in healthcare systems to ensure high diagnostic standards, operational efficiency, and patient safety.
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0973-709X
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
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series Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
spelling doaj-art-9e9046ee68cb400a87d9f7ce85ee1c332025-08-20T01:51:13ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-05-01195EE01EE0510.7860/JCDR/2025/75326.20954Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear CytologyGracy Jeba Rani0S Sowmya1ES Keerthika Sri2Postgraduate, Department of Pathology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, with the Pap smear serving as a crucial tool for early detection. However, the effectiveness of Pap smear screening is compromised by false positives and negatives, necessitating robust Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) measures. This review examines the preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of Pap smear cytology, focusing on quality indicators that enhance diagnostic accuracy. The 2014 refinement of the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology (BSRCC) provides a standardised framework for classifying cytological abnormalities. Key quality indicators, such as the ASCUS/SIL ratio and Cytology-Histology Concordance (CHC), are highlighted, along with the importance of Six Sigma metrics and Lean principles for evaluating and improving Pap smear procedures. The review emphasises the implementation of QC, QA, Six Sigma, and Lean principles in healthcare systems to ensure high diagnostic standards, operational efficiency, and patient safety.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20954/75326_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdfcytologyquality assurancequality parameters
spellingShingle Gracy Jeba Rani
S Sowmya
ES Keerthika Sri
Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
cytology
quality assurance
quality parameters
title Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
title_full Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
title_fullStr Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
title_full_unstemmed Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
title_short Optimising Cervical Cancer Screening: A Critical Review of Quality Control, Assurance, and Process Improvement Strategies in Pap Smear Cytology
title_sort optimising cervical cancer screening a critical review of quality control assurance and process improvement strategies in pap smear cytology
topic cytology
quality assurance
quality parameters
url https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20954/75326_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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AT ssowmya optimisingcervicalcancerscreeningacriticalreviewofqualitycontrolassuranceandprocessimprovementstrategiesinpapsmearcytology
AT eskeerthikasri optimisingcervicalcancerscreeningacriticalreviewofqualitycontrolassuranceandprocessimprovementstrategiesinpapsmearcytology