Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis
Abstract Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting cattle and related species, entered India in 2019, with first outbreak reported in Odisha, and has since caused significant economic losses to the Indian livestock sector. Following its entry, the disease spread rapidly to various states,...
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SpringerOpen
2025-05-01
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| Series: | AMB Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01891-9 |
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| author | Samir Das Kandhan Srinivas Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton Sabia Khan Lavinia Wahlang Hosterson Kylla Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sharanagouda S. Patil Erica Lawai Lyngdoh Pebam Chandrima Devi Sandeep Ghatak Kekungu-u Puro Arnab Sen |
| author_facet | Samir Das Kandhan Srinivas Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton Sabia Khan Lavinia Wahlang Hosterson Kylla Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sharanagouda S. Patil Erica Lawai Lyngdoh Pebam Chandrima Devi Sandeep Ghatak Kekungu-u Puro Arnab Sen |
| author_sort | Samir Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting cattle and related species, entered India in 2019, with first outbreak reported in Odisha, and has since caused significant economic losses to the Indian livestock sector. Following its entry, the disease spread rapidly to various states, including the northeastern region which is known for its porous borders. A total of 56 clinical samples (whole blood, skin scrapings, nasal swab, skin lesions and serum) were collected from various outbreaks of LSD in Meghalaya. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)-recommended probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting LSDV126 region detected Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in 42 out of 56 clinical samples. Additionally, 182 contemporary serum samples were screened using commercial ELISA kit which indicated an apparent seroprevalence of 11.54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7–17%) and a true prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 7.86–18.53%). Three representative samples were subjected to partial sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis targeting the LSDVp32 and LSDV117 regions which confirmed the diagnosis of LSD and also revealed circulation of the Kenyan field strain-associated LSDV. Furthermore, a novel isothermal approach exploiting Saltatory Rolling Circle Amplification (SRCA) mechanism was also explored with WOAH-recommended conventional PCR primers which yielded results comparable to real-time PCR-based diagnostic methods with a minimum detection limit of 10 copies/µL of the standard plasmid. The availability of this rapid and reliable diagnostic assay could be harnessed for early diagnosis of LSD, especially in resource-limited and field laboratory settings and ultimately aid in the timely implementation of control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e8c49234d0e40ba8db58deefd81efe7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2191-0855 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | AMB Express |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e8c49234d0e40ba8db58deefd81efe72025-08-20T03:22:11ZengSpringerOpenAMB Express2191-08552025-05-0115111510.1186/s13568-025-01891-9Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosisSamir Das0Kandhan Srinivas1Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton2Sabia Khan3Lavinia Wahlang4Hosterson Kylla5Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy6Sharanagouda S. Patil7Erica Lawai Lyngdoh8Pebam Chandrima Devi9Sandeep Ghatak10Kekungu-u Puro11Arnab Sen12Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDisease Investigation Office, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary DepartmentICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease InformaticsICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease InformaticsDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionAbstract Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting cattle and related species, entered India in 2019, with first outbreak reported in Odisha, and has since caused significant economic losses to the Indian livestock sector. Following its entry, the disease spread rapidly to various states, including the northeastern region which is known for its porous borders. A total of 56 clinical samples (whole blood, skin scrapings, nasal swab, skin lesions and serum) were collected from various outbreaks of LSD in Meghalaya. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)-recommended probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting LSDV126 region detected Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in 42 out of 56 clinical samples. Additionally, 182 contemporary serum samples were screened using commercial ELISA kit which indicated an apparent seroprevalence of 11.54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7–17%) and a true prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 7.86–18.53%). Three representative samples were subjected to partial sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis targeting the LSDVp32 and LSDV117 regions which confirmed the diagnosis of LSD and also revealed circulation of the Kenyan field strain-associated LSDV. Furthermore, a novel isothermal approach exploiting Saltatory Rolling Circle Amplification (SRCA) mechanism was also explored with WOAH-recommended conventional PCR primers which yielded results comparable to real-time PCR-based diagnostic methods with a minimum detection limit of 10 copies/µL of the standard plasmid. The availability of this rapid and reliable diagnostic assay could be harnessed for early diagnosis of LSD, especially in resource-limited and field laboratory settings and ultimately aid in the timely implementation of control strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01891-9Lumpy skin diseaseCapripoxvirusMeghalayaELISASaltatory rolling circle amplification |
| spellingShingle | Samir Das Kandhan Srinivas Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton Sabia Khan Lavinia Wahlang Hosterson Kylla Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sharanagouda S. Patil Erica Lawai Lyngdoh Pebam Chandrima Devi Sandeep Ghatak Kekungu-u Puro Arnab Sen Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis AMB Express Lumpy skin disease Capripoxvirus Meghalaya ELISA Saltatory rolling circle amplification |
| title | Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| title_full | Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| title_short | Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| title_sort | epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in northeast india and a new method for rapid field diagnosis |
| topic | Lumpy skin disease Capripoxvirus Meghalaya ELISA Saltatory rolling circle amplification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01891-9 |
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