Avian toxicoses: a review

Bird species, both domestic and wild, are frequently exposed to a wide range of toxic compounds. Toxicosis in avian patients is often a clinical challenge. Diagnosis often relies on history and clinical signs because specific tests for most toxicants are not available in clinical practice, or they r...

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Main Authors: Alessandro Vetere, Francesco Di Ianni, Martina Gavezzoli, Ciro Cococcetta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1572736/full
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author Alessandro Vetere
Francesco Di Ianni
Martina Gavezzoli
Ciro Cococcetta
author_facet Alessandro Vetere
Francesco Di Ianni
Martina Gavezzoli
Ciro Cococcetta
author_sort Alessandro Vetere
collection DOAJ
description Bird species, both domestic and wild, are frequently exposed to a wide range of toxic compounds. Toxicosis in avian patients is often a clinical challenge. Diagnosis often relies on history and clinical signs because specific tests for most toxicants are not available in clinical practice, or they require unsustainable blood volume for small avian species. The management of toxicoses consists of patient stabilization, decreasing toxin absorption, improving its elimination, and supporting therapy. This literature review provides an outline of the most common toxicoses in birds, as well as their diagnosis and possible treatments.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Veterinary Science
spelling doaj-art-9e7aa3408c714c5d9c15d077781a42f22025-08-20T03:41:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-08-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15727361572736Avian toxicoses: a reviewAlessandro Vetere0Francesco Di Ianni1Martina Gavezzoli2Ciro Cococcetta3Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Dell'Allevamento, Università Degli Studi Di Parma, Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Dell'Allevamento, Università Degli Studi Di Parma, Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Dell'Allevamento, Università Degli Studi Di Parma, Parma, ItalyUnité NAC, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint Martin, Allonzier-la-Caille, FranceBird species, both domestic and wild, are frequently exposed to a wide range of toxic compounds. Toxicosis in avian patients is often a clinical challenge. Diagnosis often relies on history and clinical signs because specific tests for most toxicants are not available in clinical practice, or they require unsustainable blood volume for small avian species. The management of toxicoses consists of patient stabilization, decreasing toxin absorption, improving its elimination, and supporting therapy. This literature review provides an outline of the most common toxicoses in birds, as well as their diagnosis and possible treatments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1572736/fullbirdstoxicosesintoxicationavian medicineexotic pet medicine
spellingShingle Alessandro Vetere
Francesco Di Ianni
Martina Gavezzoli
Ciro Cococcetta
Avian toxicoses: a review
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
birds
toxicoses
intoxication
avian medicine
exotic pet medicine
title Avian toxicoses: a review
title_full Avian toxicoses: a review
title_fullStr Avian toxicoses: a review
title_full_unstemmed Avian toxicoses: a review
title_short Avian toxicoses: a review
title_sort avian toxicoses a review
topic birds
toxicoses
intoxication
avian medicine
exotic pet medicine
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1572736/full
work_keys_str_mv AT alessandrovetere aviantoxicosesareview
AT francescodiianni aviantoxicosesareview
AT martinagavezzoli aviantoxicosesareview
AT cirocococcetta aviantoxicosesareview