Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method
This study presents a novel biolubricant synthesis method using infrared heating to produce biolubricant from a blend of used cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil (UCOCI). Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the polyesterification process, varying reaction time, ethylene glyco...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015962 |
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| author | Bela Nurulita Taufiq Bin Nur Arridina Susan Silitonga Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah Deswita Md Abul Kalam Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli Abdi Hanra Sebayang Sihar Siahaan Munawar Alfansury |
| author_facet | Bela Nurulita Taufiq Bin Nur Arridina Susan Silitonga Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah Deswita Md Abul Kalam Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli Abdi Hanra Sebayang Sihar Siahaan Munawar Alfansury |
| author_sort | Bela Nurulita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a novel biolubricant synthesis method using infrared heating to produce biolubricant from a blend of used cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil (UCOCI). Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the polyesterification process, varying reaction time, ethylene glycol (EG) to UCOCI methyl ester ratio, and sodium methoxide concentration. The predicted biolubricant yield was 94.30 %, closely matching the experimental yield of 94.03 %. The quadratic response model demonstrated a strong fit (R² = 0.9979). Physicochemical and tribological properties were evaluated and compared to SAE 15-W40 lubricant. UCOCI biolubricant showed an acid value of 0.46 mg KOH/g, viscosities of 83.46 cSt at 40 °C and 13.2 cSt at 100 °C, and a viscosity index of 216.32. Friction coefficients of UCOCI biolubricant blends (Biol10 to Biol50) ranged from 0.1091 to 0.071, all lower than SAE 15W-40. The wear scar diameters for these blends (0.140 to 0.100 mm) were also significantly smaller than SAE 15W-40 (0.549 mm). The superior lubricating properties suggest UCOCI biolubricant's potential for use in heavy-duty engines and as a natural additive. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e6e2bbc61af454e9599e2d705601377 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e6e2bbc61af454e9599e2d7056013772025-08-20T01:58:34ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410334310.1016/j.rineng.2024.103343Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating methodBela Nurulita0Taufiq Bin Nur1Arridina Susan Silitonga2Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah3 Deswita4Md Abul Kalam5Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli6Abdi Hanra Sebayang7Sihar Siahaan8Munawar Alfansury9Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Center of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaCentre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Center of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155, Medan, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, AustraliaNational Innovation and Research Agency, BRIN Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, IndonesiaCentre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MalaysiaCenter of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaCenter of Renewable Energy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, 20238, Medan, IndonesiaThis study presents a novel biolubricant synthesis method using infrared heating to produce biolubricant from a blend of used cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil (UCOCI). Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the polyesterification process, varying reaction time, ethylene glycol (EG) to UCOCI methyl ester ratio, and sodium methoxide concentration. The predicted biolubricant yield was 94.30 %, closely matching the experimental yield of 94.03 %. The quadratic response model demonstrated a strong fit (R² = 0.9979). Physicochemical and tribological properties were evaluated and compared to SAE 15-W40 lubricant. UCOCI biolubricant showed an acid value of 0.46 mg KOH/g, viscosities of 83.46 cSt at 40 °C and 13.2 cSt at 100 °C, and a viscosity index of 216.32. Friction coefficients of UCOCI biolubricant blends (Biol10 to Biol50) ranged from 0.1091 to 0.071, all lower than SAE 15W-40. The wear scar diameters for these blends (0.140 to 0.100 mm) were also significantly smaller than SAE 15W-40 (0.549 mm). The superior lubricating properties suggest UCOCI biolubricant's potential for use in heavy-duty engines and as a natural additive.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015962Biolubricant synthesisCrude oil blendInfrared heatingResponse surface methodologyPhysicochemical propertiesTribological characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Bela Nurulita Taufiq Bin Nur Arridina Susan Silitonga Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah Deswita Md Abul Kalam Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli Abdi Hanra Sebayang Sihar Siahaan Munawar Alfansury Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method Results in Engineering Biolubricant synthesis Crude oil blend Infrared heating Response surface methodology Physicochemical properties Tribological characteristics |
| title | Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| title_full | Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| title_fullStr | Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| title_short | Novel biolubricant synthesis: Enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and Callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| title_sort | novel biolubricant synthesis enhancing the composition of used cooking oil and callophyllum inophyllum oil by utilizing infrared heating method |
| topic | Biolubricant synthesis Crude oil blend Infrared heating Response surface methodology Physicochemical properties Tribological characteristics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024015962 |
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