Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome
BackgroundVisual fatigue, commonly attributed to excessive eye use or dry conditions, is traditionally associated with deficiencies in liver and kidney yin in Chinese medicine. However, its metabolic aspects remain largely unexplored.MethodsLevothyroxine sodium combined with tail-clip stimulation in...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1586581/full |
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| author | Xue Zhang Xin Liu Zhiqiang Huang Yan Chen Yingli Zhu Jianjun Zhang Jun Du Liang Chen |
| author_facet | Xue Zhang Xin Liu Zhiqiang Huang Yan Chen Yingli Zhu Jianjun Zhang Jun Du Liang Chen |
| author_sort | Xue Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundVisual fatigue, commonly attributed to excessive eye use or dry conditions, is traditionally associated with deficiencies in liver and kidney yin in Chinese medicine. However, its metabolic aspects remain largely unexplored.MethodsLevothyroxine sodium combined with tail-clip stimulation induced a rat model of visual fatigue with liver and kidney yin deficiency. At 3 (M1), 7 (M2) and 14 (M3) days after induction, histopathological changes were observed, and metabolic profiling was completed using untargeted UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS.ResultsThe rats exhibited signs of liver and kidney yin deficiency and visual fatigue on days 3 and 7, respectively. Compared to the control group, we identified 127 and 96 differential metabolites in the serum on days 7 and 14, respectively, primarily lipids and organic nitrogen compounds. Moreover, we observed disruptions in sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathways.ConclusionThis study enriches our understanding of the metabolic profile associated with liver-kidney-yin deficiency type visual fatigue. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e06f9e8ca634bd0b427f423d5b86b79 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e06f9e8ca634bd0b427f423d5b86b792025-08-20T03:58:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-07-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15865811586581Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndromeXue Zhang0Xin Liu1Zhiqiang Huang2Yan Chen3Yingli Zhu4Jianjun Zhang5Jun Du6Liang Chen7Amway Phytonutrients Research Center, Nutrilite (China) Nutrition & Health Institute, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaAmway Phytonutrients Research Center, Nutrilite (China) Nutrition & Health Institute, Shanghai, ChinaAmway Phytonutrients Research Center, Nutrilite (China) Nutrition & Health Institute, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundVisual fatigue, commonly attributed to excessive eye use or dry conditions, is traditionally associated with deficiencies in liver and kidney yin in Chinese medicine. However, its metabolic aspects remain largely unexplored.MethodsLevothyroxine sodium combined with tail-clip stimulation induced a rat model of visual fatigue with liver and kidney yin deficiency. At 3 (M1), 7 (M2) and 14 (M3) days after induction, histopathological changes were observed, and metabolic profiling was completed using untargeted UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS.ResultsThe rats exhibited signs of liver and kidney yin deficiency and visual fatigue on days 3 and 7, respectively. Compared to the control group, we identified 127 and 96 differential metabolites in the serum on days 7 and 14, respectively, primarily lipids and organic nitrogen compounds. Moreover, we observed disruptions in sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathways.ConclusionThis study enriches our understanding of the metabolic profile associated with liver-kidney-yin deficiency type visual fatigue.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1586581/fullvisual fatigueliver and kidney yin deficiencyUHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MSmetabolomicssignaling pathways |
| spellingShingle | Xue Zhang Xin Liu Zhiqiang Huang Yan Chen Yingli Zhu Jianjun Zhang Jun Du Liang Chen Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome Frontiers in Endocrinology visual fatigue liver and kidney yin deficiency UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS metabolomics signaling pathways |
| title | Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| title_full | Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| title_short | Metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| title_sort | metabolomic profiling in a rat model of visual fatigue associated with liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome |
| topic | visual fatigue liver and kidney yin deficiency UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS metabolomics signaling pathways |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1586581/full |
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