The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
Abstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the ai...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4 |
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| author | Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh Zahra Akbarianrad Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri Ali Zabihi Parvin Aziznejadroshan Hossein-Ali Nikbakht |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh Zahra Akbarianrad Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri Ali Zabihi Parvin Aziznejadroshan Hossein-Ali Nikbakht |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants. Methods In this clinical trial study, 88 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Rouhani Hospital was randomly assigned to four groups of sucrose (S), the combined group of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking (NS), the combined group of swaddle and sucrose (SS) and the combined group of sucrose, non-nutritive sucking and swaddling (NSS). In order to collect information, were used the premature Infant Pain Profile Scale (PIPP) and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Results This study showed that during blood sampling, the difference in the mean pain score of two groups of S and NS was equal to 3.54 (95% CI = 1.85, 5.24) and in two groups S and NSS was equal to 4.68 (95% CI = 2.99, 6.38), and these differences were significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean pain difference in all study groups was significant in two time periods before-during and during-after blood sampling (P < 0.001). Also, the mean pain difference in the two time periods before-during and during-after in NS and NSS groups was significant compared to the control group (sucrose) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the use of combined non-pharmacological interventions of NSS has been more effective in reducing the pain caused by venous blood sampling than other conditions where two or one non-pharmacological intervention were used. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e00a963a79e468ba621f440f81893a82025-08-20T02:25:41ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-04-0125111010.1186/s12887-025-05626-4The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial studyFatemeh Yadollahzadeh0Zahra Akbarianrad1Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri2Ali Zabihi3Parvin Aziznejadroshan4Hossein-Ali Nikbakht5Student Research Committee, Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh (MSc), Babol University of Medical SciencesAmirkola Children’s Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical SciencesNursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesNon‑Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Babol University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants. Methods In this clinical trial study, 88 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Rouhani Hospital was randomly assigned to four groups of sucrose (S), the combined group of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking (NS), the combined group of swaddle and sucrose (SS) and the combined group of sucrose, non-nutritive sucking and swaddling (NSS). In order to collect information, were used the premature Infant Pain Profile Scale (PIPP) and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Results This study showed that during blood sampling, the difference in the mean pain score of two groups of S and NS was equal to 3.54 (95% CI = 1.85, 5.24) and in two groups S and NSS was equal to 4.68 (95% CI = 2.99, 6.38), and these differences were significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean pain difference in all study groups was significant in two time periods before-during and during-after blood sampling (P < 0.001). Also, the mean pain difference in the two time periods before-during and during-after in NS and NSS groups was significant compared to the control group (sucrose) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the use of combined non-pharmacological interventions of NSS has been more effective in reducing the pain caused by venous blood sampling than other conditions where two or one non-pharmacological intervention were used.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4Pain managementPIPPPremature infantsSwaddleSucroseNon nutrition sucking |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh Zahra Akbarianrad Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri Ali Zabihi Parvin Aziznejadroshan Hossein-Ali Nikbakht The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study BMC Pediatrics Pain management PIPP Premature infants Swaddle Sucrose Non nutrition sucking |
| title | The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study |
| title_full | The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study |
| title_fullStr | The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study |
| title_short | The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study |
| title_sort | effect of combined non pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants a clinical trial study |
| topic | Pain management PIPP Premature infants Swaddle Sucrose Non nutrition sucking |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4 |
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