The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study

Abstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the ai...

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Main Authors: Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh, Zahra Akbarianrad, Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri, Ali Zabihi, Parvin Aziznejadroshan, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4
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author Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh
Zahra Akbarianrad
Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri
Ali Zabihi
Parvin Aziznejadroshan
Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
author_facet Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh
Zahra Akbarianrad
Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri
Ali Zabihi
Parvin Aziznejadroshan
Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
author_sort Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants. Methods In this clinical trial study, 88 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Rouhani Hospital was randomly assigned to four groups of sucrose (S), the combined group of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking (NS), the combined group of swaddle and sucrose (SS) and the combined group of sucrose, non-nutritive sucking and swaddling (NSS). In order to collect information, were used the premature Infant Pain Profile Scale (PIPP) and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Results This study showed that during blood sampling, the difference in the mean pain score of two groups of S and NS was equal to 3.54 (95% CI = 1.85, 5.24) and in two groups S and NSS was equal to 4.68 (95% CI = 2.99, 6.38), and these differences were significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean pain difference in all study groups was significant in two time periods before-during and during-after blood sampling (P < 0.001). Also, the mean pain difference in the two time periods before-during and during-after in NS and NSS groups was significant compared to the control group (sucrose) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the use of combined non-pharmacological interventions of NSS has been more effective in reducing the pain caused by venous blood sampling than other conditions where two or one non-pharmacological intervention were used.
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spelling doaj-art-9e00a963a79e468ba621f440f81893a82025-08-20T02:25:41ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-04-0125111010.1186/s12887-025-05626-4The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial studyFatemeh Yadollahzadeh0Zahra Akbarianrad1Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri2Ali Zabihi3Parvin Aziznejadroshan4Hossein-Ali Nikbakht5Student Research Committee, Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh (MSc), Babol University of Medical SciencesAmirkola Children’s Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical SciencesNursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesNon‑Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Babol University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Using non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of hospitalized infants is one of the most important priorities in the health of newborns. Pain relief during painful procedures can help prevent unwanted physical and psychological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants. Methods In this clinical trial study, 88 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Rouhani Hospital was randomly assigned to four groups of sucrose (S), the combined group of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking (NS), the combined group of swaddle and sucrose (SS) and the combined group of sucrose, non-nutritive sucking and swaddling (NSS). In order to collect information, were used the premature Infant Pain Profile Scale (PIPP) and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Results This study showed that during blood sampling, the difference in the mean pain score of two groups of S and NS was equal to 3.54 (95% CI = 1.85, 5.24) and in two groups S and NSS was equal to 4.68 (95% CI = 2.99, 6.38), and these differences were significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean pain difference in all study groups was significant in two time periods before-during and during-after blood sampling (P < 0.001). Also, the mean pain difference in the two time periods before-during and during-after in NS and NSS groups was significant compared to the control group (sucrose) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the use of combined non-pharmacological interventions of NSS has been more effective in reducing the pain caused by venous blood sampling than other conditions where two or one non-pharmacological intervention were used.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4Pain managementPIPPPremature infantsSwaddleSucroseNon nutrition sucking
spellingShingle Fatemeh Yadollahzadeh
Zahra Akbarianrad
Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri
Ali Zabihi
Parvin Aziznejadroshan
Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
BMC Pediatrics
Pain management
PIPP
Premature infants
Swaddle
Sucrose
Non nutrition sucking
title The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
title_full The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
title_fullStr The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
title_full_unstemmed The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
title_short The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: a clinical trial study
title_sort effect of combined non pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants a clinical trial study
topic Pain management
PIPP
Premature infants
Swaddle
Sucrose
Non nutrition sucking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4
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