Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach
Floods resulting from dam failures are highly destructive, characterized by intense impact forces, widespread inundation, and rapid flow velocities, all of which pose significant threats to public safety and social stability in downstream regions. To improve evacuation efficiency during such emergen...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Gaoxiang An Zhuo Wang Meixian Qu Shaohua Hu |
| author_facet | Gaoxiang An Zhuo Wang Meixian Qu Shaohua Hu |
| author_sort | Gaoxiang An |
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| description | Floods resulting from dam failures are highly destructive, characterized by intense impact forces, widespread inundation, and rapid flow velocities, all of which pose significant threats to public safety and social stability in downstream regions. To improve evacuation efficiency during such emergencies, it is essential to study flood evacuation route planning. This study aimed to minimize evacuation time and reduce risks to personnel by considering the dynamic evolution of dam-break floods. Using aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle, the downstream road network of a reservoir was mapped. A coupled flood–road network coupling model was then developed by integrating flood propagation data with road network information. This model optimized evacuation route planning by combining the dynamic evolution of flood hazards with real-time road network data. Based on this model, a flood evacuation route planning method was proposed using Dijkstra’s algorithm. This methodology was validated through a case study of the Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China. The results demonstrated that the maximum flood level reached 18.65 m near Xiatou Village, and the highest flow velocity was 22.18 m/s near the Shanmei Reservoir. Furthermore, evacuation plans were developed for eight affected locations downstream of the Shanmei Reservoir, with a total of 13 evacuation routes. These strategies and routes resulted in a significant reduction in evacuation time and minimized the risks to evacuees. The life-loss risk was minimized in the evacuation process, and all evacuees were able to reach safe locations. These findings confirmed that the proposed method, which integrated flood dynamics with road network information, ensured the safety and effectiveness of evacuation routes. This approach met the critical needs of emergency management by providing timely and secure evacuation paths in the event of dam failure. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9df99c4ff3f64ca7a9d92de9e4eca6da2025-08-20T03:14:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158451810.3390/app15084518Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling ApproachGaoxiang An0Zhuo Wang1Meixian Qu2Shaohua Hu3School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaFloods resulting from dam failures are highly destructive, characterized by intense impact forces, widespread inundation, and rapid flow velocities, all of which pose significant threats to public safety and social stability in downstream regions. To improve evacuation efficiency during such emergencies, it is essential to study flood evacuation route planning. This study aimed to minimize evacuation time and reduce risks to personnel by considering the dynamic evolution of dam-break floods. Using aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle, the downstream road network of a reservoir was mapped. A coupled flood–road network coupling model was then developed by integrating flood propagation data with road network information. This model optimized evacuation route planning by combining the dynamic evolution of flood hazards with real-time road network data. Based on this model, a flood evacuation route planning method was proposed using Dijkstra’s algorithm. This methodology was validated through a case study of the Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China. The results demonstrated that the maximum flood level reached 18.65 m near Xiatou Village, and the highest flow velocity was 22.18 m/s near the Shanmei Reservoir. Furthermore, evacuation plans were developed for eight affected locations downstream of the Shanmei Reservoir, with a total of 13 evacuation routes. These strategies and routes resulted in a significant reduction in evacuation time and minimized the risks to evacuees. The life-loss risk was minimized in the evacuation process, and all evacuees were able to reach safe locations. These findings confirmed that the proposed method, which integrated flood dynamics with road network information, ensured the safety and effectiveness of evacuation routes. This approach met the critical needs of emergency management by providing timely and secure evacuation paths in the event of dam failure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4518dam-break accidentflood–road network informationpath planningemergency evacuation3D numerical simulation |
| spellingShingle | Gaoxiang An Zhuo Wang Meixian Qu Shaohua Hu Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach Applied Sciences dam-break accident flood–road network information path planning emergency evacuation 3D numerical simulation |
| title | Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach |
| title_full | Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach |
| title_short | Integrated Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Routing for Dam Failure-Induced Flooding: A Coupled Flood–Road Network Modeling Approach |
| title_sort | integrated optimization of emergency evacuation routing for dam failure induced flooding a coupled flood road network modeling approach |
| topic | dam-break accident flood–road network information path planning emergency evacuation 3D numerical simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4518 |
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