Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings

Ceramic coatings are essential for steel as they protect against corrosion and high-temperature abrasion, significantly improving steel pipes' durability and wear performance. The ceramic coatings fabricated through the Centrifugal Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (C-SHS) technique a...

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Main Authors: N. Radhika, M. Sabarinathan, S. Sivaraman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025027495
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author N. Radhika
M. Sabarinathan
S. Sivaraman
author_facet N. Radhika
M. Sabarinathan
S. Sivaraman
author_sort N. Radhika
collection DOAJ
description Ceramic coatings are essential for steel as they protect against corrosion and high-temperature abrasion, significantly improving steel pipes' durability and wear performance. The ceramic coatings fabricated through the Centrifugal Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (C-SHS) technique are ideal for application on the inner surface of pipes. Various parameters, including rotating speed, powder particle size, type, and wt.% of additives, influence the ceramic layer's properties. In the present work, several Machine Learning (ML) regressors, such as Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Decision Tree (DT), Polynomial Regression (PR), Stacking Regression (SR), Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBoost), and Bagging Regression (BR), were employed to effectively predict the density and hardness of ceramic coating based on the influencing parameters. Feature engineering analysis revealed that rotating speed and the wt.% of additives highly influenced the density and hardness of the coating. Gaussian noise augmentation is applied to generate noise data with the same standard deviation to improve the prediction accuracy of the models through an increase in the database volume. Among the models, the Bagging Regression (BR) model demonstrated the best prediction performance. The BR model achieved a Coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.91, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.10, and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.06 for density predictions. For hardness, the BR model recorded with R2 of 0.93, RMSE of 52.03 and MAE of 40.06. Experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the BR model, with prediction errors of only 3.38 % for density and 4.97 % for hardness.
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spelling doaj-art-9df96c90c8f94404a0bb3f6000e9ad742025-08-20T04:01:02ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710668210.1016/j.rineng.2025.106682Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatingsN. Radhika0M. Sabarinathan1S. Sivaraman2Corresponding author.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, IndiaCeramic coatings are essential for steel as they protect against corrosion and high-temperature abrasion, significantly improving steel pipes' durability and wear performance. The ceramic coatings fabricated through the Centrifugal Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (C-SHS) technique are ideal for application on the inner surface of pipes. Various parameters, including rotating speed, powder particle size, type, and wt.% of additives, influence the ceramic layer's properties. In the present work, several Machine Learning (ML) regressors, such as Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Decision Tree (DT), Polynomial Regression (PR), Stacking Regression (SR), Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBoost), and Bagging Regression (BR), were employed to effectively predict the density and hardness of ceramic coating based on the influencing parameters. Feature engineering analysis revealed that rotating speed and the wt.% of additives highly influenced the density and hardness of the coating. Gaussian noise augmentation is applied to generate noise data with the same standard deviation to improve the prediction accuracy of the models through an increase in the database volume. Among the models, the Bagging Regression (BR) model demonstrated the best prediction performance. The BR model achieved a Coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.91, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.10, and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.06 for density predictions. For hardness, the BR model recorded with R2 of 0.93, RMSE of 52.03 and MAE of 40.06. Experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the BR model, with prediction errors of only 3.38 % for density and 4.97 % for hardness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025027495Ceramic coatingCentrifugal self-propagating high-temperature synthesisProcess parametersFeature engineeringData augmentation
spellingShingle N. Radhika
M. Sabarinathan
S. Sivaraman
Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
Results in Engineering
Ceramic coating
Centrifugal self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
Process parameters
Feature engineering
Data augmentation
title Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
title_full Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
title_fullStr Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
title_short Machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal SHS synthesized ceramic coatings
title_sort machine learning insights for predicting density and hardness in centrifugal shs synthesized ceramic coatings
topic Ceramic coating
Centrifugal self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
Process parameters
Feature engineering
Data augmentation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025027495
work_keys_str_mv AT nradhika machinelearninginsightsforpredictingdensityandhardnessincentrifugalshssynthesizedceramiccoatings
AT msabarinathan machinelearninginsightsforpredictingdensityandhardnessincentrifugalshssynthesizedceramiccoatings
AT ssivaraman machinelearninginsightsforpredictingdensityandhardnessincentrifugalshssynthesizedceramiccoatings