BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification

Smart home technology enhances the quality of life, particularly with respect to in-home care and health monitoring. While video-based methods provide accurate behavior analysis, privacy concerns drive interest in non-visual alternatives. This study proposes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled indo...

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Main Authors: Yi-Shiun Lee, Yong-Yi Fanjiang, Chi-Huang Hung, Yung-Shiang Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4496
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author Yi-Shiun Lee
Yong-Yi Fanjiang
Chi-Huang Hung
Yung-Shiang Huang
author_facet Yi-Shiun Lee
Yong-Yi Fanjiang
Chi-Huang Hung
Yung-Shiang Huang
author_sort Yi-Shiun Lee
collection DOAJ
description Smart home technology enhances the quality of life, particularly with respect to in-home care and health monitoring. While video-based methods provide accurate behavior analysis, privacy concerns drive interest in non-visual alternatives. This study proposes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled indoor positioning and behavior recognition system, integrating machine learning techniques to support sustainable and privacy-preserving health monitoring. Key optimizations include: (1) a vertically mounted Data Collection Unit (DCU) for improved height positioning, (2) synchronized data collection to reduce discrepancies, (3) Kalman filtering to smooth RSSI signals, and (4) AI-based RSSI analysis for enhanced behavior recognition. Experiments in a real home environment used a smart wristband to assess BLE signal variations across different activities (standing, sitting, lying down). The results show that the proposed system reliably tracks user locations and identifies behavior patterns. This research supports elderly care, remote health monitoring, and non-invasive behavior analysis, providing a privacy-preserving solution for smart healthcare applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-9df66c07394f4ed5bf62c5c5946583fe
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-9df66c07394f4ed5bf62c5c5946583fe2025-08-20T03:32:16ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514449610.3390/s25144496BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior ClassificationYi-Shiun Lee0Yong-Yi Fanjiang1Chi-Huang Hung2Yung-Shiang Huang3Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, TaiwanSmart home technology enhances the quality of life, particularly with respect to in-home care and health monitoring. While video-based methods provide accurate behavior analysis, privacy concerns drive interest in non-visual alternatives. This study proposes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled indoor positioning and behavior recognition system, integrating machine learning techniques to support sustainable and privacy-preserving health monitoring. Key optimizations include: (1) a vertically mounted Data Collection Unit (DCU) for improved height positioning, (2) synchronized data collection to reduce discrepancies, (3) Kalman filtering to smooth RSSI signals, and (4) AI-based RSSI analysis for enhanced behavior recognition. Experiments in a real home environment used a smart wristband to assess BLE signal variations across different activities (standing, sitting, lying down). The results show that the proposed system reliably tracks user locations and identifies behavior patterns. This research supports elderly care, remote health monitoring, and non-invasive behavior analysis, providing a privacy-preserving solution for smart healthcare applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4496BLE-based indoor positioningmachine learning for behavior analysisprivacy-preserving health monitoringwearable IoT for remote health trackingAI-driven fall detectionsmart home healthcare
spellingShingle Yi-Shiun Lee
Yong-Yi Fanjiang
Chi-Huang Hung
Yung-Shiang Huang
BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
Sensors
BLE-based indoor positioning
machine learning for behavior analysis
privacy-preserving health monitoring
wearable IoT for remote health tracking
AI-driven fall detection
smart home healthcare
title BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
title_full BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
title_fullStr BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
title_full_unstemmed BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
title_short BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification
title_sort ble signal processing and machine learning for indoor behavior classification
topic BLE-based indoor positioning
machine learning for behavior analysis
privacy-preserving health monitoring
wearable IoT for remote health tracking
AI-driven fall detection
smart home healthcare
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4496
work_keys_str_mv AT yishiunlee blesignalprocessingandmachinelearningforindoorbehaviorclassification
AT yongyifanjiang blesignalprocessingandmachinelearningforindoorbehaviorclassification
AT chihuanghung blesignalprocessingandmachinelearningforindoorbehaviorclassification
AT yungshianghuang blesignalprocessingandmachinelearningforindoorbehaviorclassification