Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors

In this report, a structurally unique phenothiazine (PTZ) core is linked with glutamic acid-based dendrons through a solid-phase peptide synthesis approach to access a variety of PTZ-linked dendrons conveniently. Inferior cytotoxicity of anionic surface-linked second-generation glutamic acid-based d...

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Main Authors: Sameer Singh, Aditi Gangopadhyay, Sriram D, Manab Chakravarty
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-04-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241628
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author Sameer Singh
Aditi Gangopadhyay
Sriram D
Manab Chakravarty
author_facet Sameer Singh
Aditi Gangopadhyay
Sriram D
Manab Chakravarty
author_sort Sameer Singh
collection DOAJ
description In this report, a structurally unique phenothiazine (PTZ) core is linked with glutamic acid-based dendrons through a solid-phase peptide synthesis approach to access a variety of PTZ-linked dendrons conveniently. Inferior cytotoxicity of anionic surface-linked second-generation glutamic acid-based dendrons would be more desirable for various applications than respective lysine-based dendrons. Solid-phase synthesis of PTZ-linked glutamic acid-based dendrons would be a novel approach to access this class of molecules. These newly synthesized dendrons were screened as an inhibitor against the main protease (Mpro) enzyme, proposed to be the best target against SARS-CoV-2. The preliminary assay studies designated a moderate response for the Mpro inhibition, specifically by tryptophan (Trp)-enriched dendron, among other analogues, which play a vital role in combating COVID-19. Further, the experimental studies realize the essential contribution of the PTZ core in interacting with the Mpro enzyme. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the active dendrons formed stable complexes with Mpro, and the binding affinity of the Trp-based PTZ-linked dendrons was higher than that of the decoy dendron analogue.
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spelling doaj-art-9df4b3d58836434e94d49d42bd20d7862025-08-20T01:51:24ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-04-0112410.1098/rsos.241628Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitorsSameer Singh0Aditi Gangopadhyay1Sriram D2Manab Chakravarty3Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaIn this report, a structurally unique phenothiazine (PTZ) core is linked with glutamic acid-based dendrons through a solid-phase peptide synthesis approach to access a variety of PTZ-linked dendrons conveniently. Inferior cytotoxicity of anionic surface-linked second-generation glutamic acid-based dendrons would be more desirable for various applications than respective lysine-based dendrons. Solid-phase synthesis of PTZ-linked glutamic acid-based dendrons would be a novel approach to access this class of molecules. These newly synthesized dendrons were screened as an inhibitor against the main protease (Mpro) enzyme, proposed to be the best target against SARS-CoV-2. The preliminary assay studies designated a moderate response for the Mpro inhibition, specifically by tryptophan (Trp)-enriched dendron, among other analogues, which play a vital role in combating COVID-19. Further, the experimental studies realize the essential contribution of the PTZ core in interacting with the Mpro enzyme. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the active dendrons formed stable complexes with Mpro, and the binding affinity of the Trp-based PTZ-linked dendrons was higher than that of the decoy dendron analogue.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241628phenothiazine-linkedglutamic aciddendronsSARS-CoV2
spellingShingle Sameer Singh
Aditi Gangopadhyay
Sriram D
Manab Chakravarty
Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
Royal Society Open Science
phenothiazine-linked
glutamic acid
dendrons
SARS-CoV2
title Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
title_full Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
title_fullStr Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
title_short Phenothiazine-linked glutamic acid dendrons: an easy access and a new class of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
title_sort phenothiazine linked glutamic acid dendrons an easy access and a new class of sars cov 2 main protease inhibitors
topic phenothiazine-linked
glutamic acid
dendrons
SARS-CoV2
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241628
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AT sriramd phenothiazinelinkedglutamicaciddendronsaneasyaccessandanewclassofsarscov2mainproteaseinhibitors
AT manabchakravarty phenothiazinelinkedglutamicaciddendronsaneasyaccessandanewclassofsarscov2mainproteaseinhibitors