Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild

Abstract Climate change is transforming the ecology of lakes at a rapid pace, shifting some lakes toward warmwater‐dominant habitats. As a result, warmwater fishes are increasingly becoming more prevalent in lakes where they already existed, altering the patterning and strength of species interactio...

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Main Authors: Holly S. Embke, Stephen R. Carpenter, T. Douglas Beard Jr., Giancarlo Coppola, Daniel A. Isermann, Eric J. Pedersen, Andrew L. Rypel, Christopher J. Sullivan, Tyler D. Tunney, M. Jake Vander Zanden
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70297
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author Holly S. Embke
Stephen R. Carpenter
T. Douglas Beard Jr.
Giancarlo Coppola
Daniel A. Isermann
Eric J. Pedersen
Andrew L. Rypel
Christopher J. Sullivan
Tyler D. Tunney
M. Jake Vander Zanden
author_facet Holly S. Embke
Stephen R. Carpenter
T. Douglas Beard Jr.
Giancarlo Coppola
Daniel A. Isermann
Eric J. Pedersen
Andrew L. Rypel
Christopher J. Sullivan
Tyler D. Tunney
M. Jake Vander Zanden
author_sort Holly S. Embke
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate change is transforming the ecology of lakes at a rapid pace, shifting some lakes toward warmwater‐dominant habitats. As a result, warmwater fishes are increasingly becoming more prevalent in lakes where they already existed, altering the patterning and strength of species interactions. Understanding shifting species interactions (e.g., competition, predation), and the role of lake management in shaping these interactions, will be critical for lake stewardship in response to climate change. Here, we present results from an intensive 5‐year experimental removal of ~285,000 warmwater fishes from a north‐temperate lake. The goal of the experiment was to test whether warmwater fish reduction is effective for rewiring lake food webs to reverse undesirable conditions for coolwater species, leading to increased recruitment and abundance of coolwater fishes. Throughout the experiment, warmwater fishes were resilient to reductions, with biomass declines of 23% averaged across five species. Among coolwater fishes, the top predator walleye showed no biomass response, while yellow perch biomass increased by ~914%. Fish species biomass changes translated to food web shifts, including a yellow perch trophic position decline of 0.4, decreased zooplankton abundances, and increased zoobenthos abundances. Our results highlight differential species responses to a management action aimed at adapting to climate change. Despite similar thermal tolerances, two coolwater species responded differently to removal of warmwater fishes, highlighting the characteristics (e.g., life history strategies, adaptive capacity) that contribute to species resilience. Given the importance of biotic interactions, climate adaptation may need to go beyond a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach even when species have similar thermal tolerances.
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spelling doaj-art-9df2d3b94dd14d3a8d11de069963450f2025-08-20T03:58:41ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252025-07-01167n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.70297Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guildHolly S. Embke0Stephen R. Carpenter1T. Douglas Beard Jr.2Giancarlo Coppola3Daniel A. Isermann4Eric J. Pedersen5Andrew L. Rypel6Christopher J. Sullivan7Tyler D. Tunney8M. Jake Vander Zanden9U.S. Geological Survey Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center Saint Paul Minnesota USACenter for Limnology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USAU.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center Reston Virginia USAU.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and Fisheries Analysis Center, College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point Stevens Point Wisconsin USAU.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and Fisheries Analysis Center, College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point Stevens Point Wisconsin USADepartment of Biology Concordia University Montreal Quebec CanadaDepartment of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, and Center for Watershed Sciences University of California, Davis Davis California USAU.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and Fisheries Analysis Center, College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point Stevens Point Wisconsin USAFisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Region, Freshwater Habitat Section, Centre for Effectiveness Science Moncton New Brunswick CanadaCenter for Limnology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USAAbstract Climate change is transforming the ecology of lakes at a rapid pace, shifting some lakes toward warmwater‐dominant habitats. As a result, warmwater fishes are increasingly becoming more prevalent in lakes where they already existed, altering the patterning and strength of species interactions. Understanding shifting species interactions (e.g., competition, predation), and the role of lake management in shaping these interactions, will be critical for lake stewardship in response to climate change. Here, we present results from an intensive 5‐year experimental removal of ~285,000 warmwater fishes from a north‐temperate lake. The goal of the experiment was to test whether warmwater fish reduction is effective for rewiring lake food webs to reverse undesirable conditions for coolwater species, leading to increased recruitment and abundance of coolwater fishes. Throughout the experiment, warmwater fishes were resilient to reductions, with biomass declines of 23% averaged across five species. Among coolwater fishes, the top predator walleye showed no biomass response, while yellow perch biomass increased by ~914%. Fish species biomass changes translated to food web shifts, including a yellow perch trophic position decline of 0.4, decreased zooplankton abundances, and increased zoobenthos abundances. Our results highlight differential species responses to a management action aimed at adapting to climate change. Despite similar thermal tolerances, two coolwater species responded differently to removal of warmwater fishes, highlighting the characteristics (e.g., life history strategies, adaptive capacity) that contribute to species resilience. Given the importance of biotic interactions, climate adaptation may need to go beyond a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach even when species have similar thermal tolerances.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70297adaptationclimate changefisheriesfood websfreshwaterspecies interactions
spellingShingle Holly S. Embke
Stephen R. Carpenter
T. Douglas Beard Jr.
Giancarlo Coppola
Daniel A. Isermann
Eric J. Pedersen
Andrew L. Rypel
Christopher J. Sullivan
Tyler D. Tunney
M. Jake Vander Zanden
Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
Ecosphere
adaptation
climate change
fisheries
food webs
freshwater
species interactions
title Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
title_full Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
title_fullStr Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
title_full_unstemmed Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
title_short Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole‐lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
title_sort differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild
topic adaptation
climate change
fisheries
food webs
freshwater
species interactions
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70297
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