Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?

Importance: Concerns regarding excess mortality estimates and the subjective nature of diverse models utilized have emerged. We examined its theoretical underpinning by exploring two popular excess mortality models based on regression and time series analyses that highlight their weaknesses in fore...

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Main Authors: Emmanuel Okoro, Nehemiah Ikoba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Milano University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/ebph/article/view/27538
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author Emmanuel Okoro
Nehemiah Ikoba
author_facet Emmanuel Okoro
Nehemiah Ikoba
author_sort Emmanuel Okoro
collection DOAJ
description Importance: Concerns regarding excess mortality estimates and the subjective nature of diverse models utilized have emerged. We examined its theoretical underpinning by exploring two popular excess mortality models based on regression and time series analyses that highlight their weaknesses in forecasting excess deaths during COVID-19 emergency. Observations: Excess mortality estimates are errors/residuals of prediction models increasingly used to determine the number of unreported deaths from COVID-19. That several prediction models are used to model baseline excess deaths underscores the lack of a definitive choice thereby signposting its subjective nature. A general lack of assessment of the assumptions governing such models was another drawback in relying on estimates of excess mortality derived from them. Conclusions and Relevance: In assessing the impact of COVID-19 (or any public health emergency), reported death counts and other mortality statistics, when combined with relevant auxiliary information, can offer a better view of the pandemic impact rather than reliance on a subjective metric such as excess death which can be misleading. More importantly, mathematical modeling though useful in an unfolding pandemic, once data become available, this should supersede forecasted estimates in decision-making or impact assessment.
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spelling doaj-art-9deed83977be4fda96d5442e9c2eb2122025-08-20T02:08:36ZengMilano University PressEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health2282-09302025-01-0119210.54103/2282-0930/27538Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?Emmanuel Okoro 0Nehemiah Ikoba1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-7502University of IlorinUniversity of Ilorin Importance: Concerns regarding excess mortality estimates and the subjective nature of diverse models utilized have emerged. We examined its theoretical underpinning by exploring two popular excess mortality models based on regression and time series analyses that highlight their weaknesses in forecasting excess deaths during COVID-19 emergency. Observations: Excess mortality estimates are errors/residuals of prediction models increasingly used to determine the number of unreported deaths from COVID-19. That several prediction models are used to model baseline excess deaths underscores the lack of a definitive choice thereby signposting its subjective nature. A general lack of assessment of the assumptions governing such models was another drawback in relying on estimates of excess mortality derived from them. Conclusions and Relevance: In assessing the impact of COVID-19 (or any public health emergency), reported death counts and other mortality statistics, when combined with relevant auxiliary information, can offer a better view of the pandemic impact rather than reliance on a subjective metric such as excess death which can be misleading. More importantly, mathematical modeling though useful in an unfolding pandemic, once data become available, this should supersede forecasted estimates in decision-making or impact assessment. https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/ebph/article/view/27538COVID-19ModelingExcess mortality
spellingShingle Emmanuel Okoro
Nehemiah Ikoba
Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health
COVID-19
Modeling
Excess mortality
title Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
title_full Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
title_fullStr Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
title_full_unstemmed Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
title_short Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
title_sort excess mortality 2020 2023 as proxy of covid 19 deaths
topic COVID-19
Modeling
Excess mortality
url https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/ebph/article/view/27538
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AT nehemiahikoba excessmortality20202023asproxyofcovid19deaths