The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population
IntroductionGlutathione S-transferase (GST) has the ability to detoxify the cellular environment of xenobiotic compounds and by-products of oxidative stress. The expression levels of GST genes and their polymorphisms are associated with various human diseases. Methamphetamine and opiate addiction al...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398666/full |
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| author | Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Simin Jafaripour Farid Heidari Elham Talebi Maryam Rezakhani Taleghani Neda Maserat Maryam Forutan Raheb Ghorbani Jaber Gharehdaghi Reza Shirkoohi Reza Raoofian |
| author_facet | Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Simin Jafaripour Farid Heidari Elham Talebi Maryam Rezakhani Taleghani Neda Maserat Maryam Forutan Raheb Ghorbani Jaber Gharehdaghi Reza Shirkoohi Reza Raoofian |
| author_sort | Mohammad Reza Eskandarion |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionGlutathione S-transferase (GST) has the ability to detoxify the cellular environment of xenobiotic compounds and by-products of oxidative stress. The expression levels of GST genes and their polymorphisms are associated with various human diseases. Methamphetamine and opiate addiction also account for a significant proportion of SUDs in Iran. Considering the oxidative stress induced by morphine and methamphetamine and the potential of GST as a therapeutic option for SUD, we aimed to investigate the association of common genetic variations of two genes from GST family, GSTT1 and GSTM1, with addiction to morphine and METH in Iranian population.Material and methodsA total of 160 blood and urine samples were randomly collected from 50 opiums and 30 methamphetamine users and 80 healthy controls. All samples were processed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to detect opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine, etc.), methamphetamine stimulants, and other legal and illegal drugs. The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.ResultsA statistically significant association was observed between the GSTM1 polymorphisms and morphine addiction under a recessive genetic model. The reference group consisted of pooled n/p and p/p genotypes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.15, a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.05 to 4.39, and a P-value of 0.03. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between genetic variations in the GSTT1 gene and morphine or methamphetamine addiction. The results revealed no significant association between GSTT1 and GSTM1 allele frequencies and morphine and methamphetamine addiction when divided into risk allele carriers and noncarriers.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the GSTM1 gene may be involved in the development of morphine addiction. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify these results and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9dde66e43c09456f9b0ed0d3d7b00551 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-9dde66e43c09456f9b0ed0d3d7b005512025-08-20T02:34:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-12-011510.3389/fpsyt.2024.13986661398666The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian populationMohammad Reza Eskandarion0Mohammad Reza Eskandarion1Simin Jafaripour2Farid Heidari3Elham Talebi4Maryam Rezakhani Taleghani5Neda Maserat6Maryam Forutan7Raheb Ghorbani8Jaber Gharehdaghi9Reza Shirkoohi10Reza Raoofian11Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, IranCancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Psychiatry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranDepartment of Biology, Sistan and Balouchestan University, Zahedan, IranDepartment of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, IranLegal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, IranCancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLegal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, IranIntroductionGlutathione S-transferase (GST) has the ability to detoxify the cellular environment of xenobiotic compounds and by-products of oxidative stress. The expression levels of GST genes and their polymorphisms are associated with various human diseases. Methamphetamine and opiate addiction also account for a significant proportion of SUDs in Iran. Considering the oxidative stress induced by morphine and methamphetamine and the potential of GST as a therapeutic option for SUD, we aimed to investigate the association of common genetic variations of two genes from GST family, GSTT1 and GSTM1, with addiction to morphine and METH in Iranian population.Material and methodsA total of 160 blood and urine samples were randomly collected from 50 opiums and 30 methamphetamine users and 80 healthy controls. All samples were processed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to detect opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine, etc.), methamphetamine stimulants, and other legal and illegal drugs. The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.ResultsA statistically significant association was observed between the GSTM1 polymorphisms and morphine addiction under a recessive genetic model. The reference group consisted of pooled n/p and p/p genotypes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.15, a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.05 to 4.39, and a P-value of 0.03. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between genetic variations in the GSTT1 gene and morphine or methamphetamine addiction. The results revealed no significant association between GSTT1 and GSTM1 allele frequencies and morphine and methamphetamine addiction when divided into risk allele carriers and noncarriers.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the GSTM1 gene may be involved in the development of morphine addiction. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify these results and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398666/fullGlutathione S-transferasemorphinemethamphetaminesubstance use disorderspolymorphism |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Mohammad Reza Eskandarion Simin Jafaripour Farid Heidari Elham Talebi Maryam Rezakhani Taleghani Neda Maserat Maryam Forutan Raheb Ghorbani Jaber Gharehdaghi Reza Shirkoohi Reza Raoofian The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population Frontiers in Psychiatry Glutathione S-transferase morphine methamphetamine substance use disorders polymorphism |
| title | The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population |
| title_full | The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population |
| title_fullStr | The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population |
| title_short | The association between the Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the Iranian population |
| title_sort | association between the glutathione s transferase polymorphisms and addiction to opioids and methamphetamine in the iranian population |
| topic | Glutathione S-transferase morphine methamphetamine substance use disorders polymorphism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398666/full |
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