The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a long-term metabolic condition that presents considerable health challenges globally. As the disease progresses, the interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors becomes increasingly evident, leading to complications. Epigenetics has emerged as a critical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_43_24 |
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| author | Amit Mukherjee Tanusree Debbarman Basu D. Banerjee Sheelu S. Siddiqi |
| author_facet | Amit Mukherjee Tanusree Debbarman Basu D. Banerjee Sheelu S. Siddiqi |
| author_sort | Amit Mukherjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a long-term metabolic condition that presents considerable health challenges globally. As the disease progresses, the interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors becomes increasingly evident, leading to complications. Epigenetics has emerged as a critical area of research, providing insights into how these factors can modify the expression and cellular behavior without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, drive cell dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, aggravating diabetes and its complications. Amongst all the complications diabetic kidney disease (DKD) also known as diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a significant microvascular complication often regarded as a silent killer, as early diagnosis remains highly complicated. This review investigates various epigenetic modifications associated with T2D and DKD, employing a database search strategy incorporating the PICO framework method to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant literature. Advancements in epigenome profiling provide valuable insights into the functional outcomes and chromatin states of cells impacted by T2D. Understanding epigenetics thus emphasizes its crucial role in the development and progression of T2D and transition to DKD, while also highlighting the potential reversibility of epigenetic modifications and potency as a biomarker for predicting DKD. More extensive research is needed to identify specific epigenetic mechanisms involved in DKD to further refine predictive models and therapeutic strategies. This unified exploration of significant epigenetic modifications offers a focused analysis of how these alterations influence the trajectory of disease and presents new avenues for therapeutic intervention. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9dcfe0de6ade42faa31af84ab235b2fd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2230-8210 2230-9500 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-9dcfe0de6ade42faa31af84ab235b2fd2025-01-09T12:22:49ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism2230-82102230-95002024-12-0128656957810.4103/ijem.ijem_43_24The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic ComplicationsAmit MukherjeeTanusree DebbarmanBasu D. BanerjeeSheelu S. SiddiqiType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a long-term metabolic condition that presents considerable health challenges globally. As the disease progresses, the interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors becomes increasingly evident, leading to complications. Epigenetics has emerged as a critical area of research, providing insights into how these factors can modify the expression and cellular behavior without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, drive cell dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, aggravating diabetes and its complications. Amongst all the complications diabetic kidney disease (DKD) also known as diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a significant microvascular complication often regarded as a silent killer, as early diagnosis remains highly complicated. This review investigates various epigenetic modifications associated with T2D and DKD, employing a database search strategy incorporating the PICO framework method to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant literature. Advancements in epigenome profiling provide valuable insights into the functional outcomes and chromatin states of cells impacted by T2D. Understanding epigenetics thus emphasizes its crucial role in the development and progression of T2D and transition to DKD, while also highlighting the potential reversibility of epigenetic modifications and potency as a biomarker for predicting DKD. More extensive research is needed to identify specific epigenetic mechanisms involved in DKD to further refine predictive models and therapeutic strategies. This unified exploration of significant epigenetic modifications offers a focused analysis of how these alterations influence the trajectory of disease and presents new avenues for therapeutic intervention.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_43_24epigeneticsdiabetic kidney disease (dkd)diabetic nephropathy (dn)dna methylationhistone modificationmicro-rnatype 2 diabetes (t2d) |
| spellingShingle | Amit Mukherjee Tanusree Debbarman Basu D. Banerjee Sheelu S. Siddiqi The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism epigenetics diabetic kidney disease (dkd) diabetic nephropathy (dn) dna methylation histone modification micro-rna type 2 diabetes (t2d) |
| title | The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications |
| title_full | The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications |
| title_short | The Impact of Epigenetics on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Nephropathic Complications |
| title_sort | impact of epigenetics on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and associated nephropathic complications |
| topic | epigenetics diabetic kidney disease (dkd) diabetic nephropathy (dn) dna methylation histone modification micro-rna type 2 diabetes (t2d) |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_43_24 |
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