Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review

Onabotulinumtoxin-A (onabotA) is a neurotoxin widely used for several indications, including chronic migraine (CM) preventive treatment, due to its well-demonstrated efficacy, tolerability, and safety. However, onabotA safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains unclear, as these populations a...

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Main Authors: Antonio Russo, Luigi Francesco Iannone, Ilaria Orologio, Veronica Rivi, Alberto Boccalini, Flavia Lo Castro, Marcello Silvestro, Simona Guerzoni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Toxins
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/4/192
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author Antonio Russo
Luigi Francesco Iannone
Ilaria Orologio
Veronica Rivi
Alberto Boccalini
Flavia Lo Castro
Marcello Silvestro
Simona Guerzoni
author_facet Antonio Russo
Luigi Francesco Iannone
Ilaria Orologio
Veronica Rivi
Alberto Boccalini
Flavia Lo Castro
Marcello Silvestro
Simona Guerzoni
author_sort Antonio Russo
collection DOAJ
description Onabotulinumtoxin-A (onabotA) is a neurotoxin widely used for several indications, including chronic migraine (CM) preventive treatment, due to its well-demonstrated efficacy, tolerability, and safety. However, onabotA safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains unclear, as these populations are typically excluded from clinical trials. The action of onabotA starts locally at the injection sites, modulating the pain pathway with minimal systemic absorption, which theoretically minimizes risks to the fetus or breastfeeding infant. Preclinical studies demonstrate that onabotA does not distribute systemically in significant amounts after administration, although adverse fetal outcomes in rats and rabbits were reported when injected at high doses. Limited human data suggest that onabotA exposure during pregnancy may not be associated with major malformations or significant adverse outcomes for the fetus, especially when used at therapeutic doses for migraine prevention during the first trimester or earlier. Data on breastfeeding are even scarcer but indicate a low likelihood of drug transfer into breast milk. This narrative review highlights the available evidence on the use of onabotA in pregnancy and breastfeeding women, including real-word evidence, with a focus on the use for CM.
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spelling doaj-art-9dcf067f5a3249adbca713f6ffd535892025-08-20T02:18:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-04-0117419210.3390/toxins17040192Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative ReviewAntonio Russo0Luigi Francesco Iannone1Ilaria Orologio2Veronica Rivi3Alberto Boccalini4Flavia Lo Castro5Marcello Silvestro6Simona Guerzoni7Antonio Russo Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDigital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, ItalyAntonio Russo Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDigital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, ItalyDigital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, ItalyDigital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, ItalyAntonio Russo Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDigital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, ItalyOnabotulinumtoxin-A (onabotA) is a neurotoxin widely used for several indications, including chronic migraine (CM) preventive treatment, due to its well-demonstrated efficacy, tolerability, and safety. However, onabotA safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains unclear, as these populations are typically excluded from clinical trials. The action of onabotA starts locally at the injection sites, modulating the pain pathway with minimal systemic absorption, which theoretically minimizes risks to the fetus or breastfeeding infant. Preclinical studies demonstrate that onabotA does not distribute systemically in significant amounts after administration, although adverse fetal outcomes in rats and rabbits were reported when injected at high doses. Limited human data suggest that onabotA exposure during pregnancy may not be associated with major malformations or significant adverse outcomes for the fetus, especially when used at therapeutic doses for migraine prevention during the first trimester or earlier. Data on breastfeeding are even scarcer but indicate a low likelihood of drug transfer into breast milk. This narrative review highlights the available evidence on the use of onabotA in pregnancy and breastfeeding women, including real-word evidence, with a focus on the use for CM.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/4/192Onabotulinumtoxin-Apregnancybreastfeedingchronic migrainesafetyfetal outcomes
spellingShingle Antonio Russo
Luigi Francesco Iannone
Ilaria Orologio
Veronica Rivi
Alberto Boccalini
Flavia Lo Castro
Marcello Silvestro
Simona Guerzoni
Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
Toxins
Onabotulinumtoxin-A
pregnancy
breastfeeding
chronic migraine
safety
fetal outcomes
title Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
title_full Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
title_short Safety of Onabotulinumtoxin-A for Chronic Migraine During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Narrative Review
title_sort safety of onabotulinumtoxin a for chronic migraine during pregnancy and breastfeeding a narrative review
topic Onabotulinumtoxin-A
pregnancy
breastfeeding
chronic migraine
safety
fetal outcomes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/4/192
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