Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between serum carotenoid levels and cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) syndrome in a representative sample of US adults. Methods Data from the fasting subsample of the NHANES 2017–2018 were analyzed using a survey‐weighted approach to ensure the find...

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Main Authors: Mengli Chen, Shuyue Cai, Qinfeng Jia, Yifang Suo, Yuan Tang, Yanping Shi, Xu Zhu, Haifeng Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70046
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author Mengli Chen
Shuyue Cai
Qinfeng Jia
Yifang Suo
Yuan Tang
Yanping Shi
Xu Zhu
Haifeng Zhang
author_facet Mengli Chen
Shuyue Cai
Qinfeng Jia
Yifang Suo
Yuan Tang
Yanping Shi
Xu Zhu
Haifeng Zhang
author_sort Mengli Chen
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between serum carotenoid levels and cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) syndrome in a representative sample of US adults. Methods Data from the fasting subsample of the NHANES 2017–2018 were analyzed using a survey‐weighted approach to ensure the findings are representative of the broader US adult population. Serum levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. CKM syndrome stages were defined according to the 2023 American Heart Association guidelines, with advanced CKM syndrome categorized as stages 3 or 4. Associations between serum carotenoids and advanced CKM syndrome were assessed using logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Results The study included 1671 adults aged 20 years and older, with a mean age of 48.7 years and a gender distribution of 50.9% female and 49.1% male. Higher serum levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, α‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were inversely associated with advanced CKM syndrome. Specifically, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of α‐carotene had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16–0.55), β‐carotene 0.35 (95% CI: 0.16–0.78), α‐cryptoxanthin 0.23 (95% CI: 0.11–0.49), lutein/zeaxanthin 0.26 (95% CI: 0.14–0.48), and lycopene 0.58 (95% CI: 0.35–0.98). However, β‐cryptoxanthin did not show a significant association. Moreover, the combined effect of all carotenoids was significantly negatively correlated with advanced CKM syndrome (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.86), with lutein/zeaxanthin contributing the most (44.56%). Conclusions Elevated serum carotenoid levels are inversely associated with the prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome in a dose‐dependent manner, with this association remaining consistent across diverse demographic and health subgroups.
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spelling doaj-art-9dcdbe25c54b49599da0963d3dc3e8b32025-08-20T02:45:43ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes1753-03931753-04072025-02-01172n/an/a10.1111/1753-0407.70046Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult PopulationMengli Chen0Shuyue Cai1Qinfeng Jia2Yifang Suo3Yuan Tang4Yanping Shi5Xu Zhu6Haifeng Zhang7Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaState Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Cardiology The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou ChinaABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between serum carotenoid levels and cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) syndrome in a representative sample of US adults. Methods Data from the fasting subsample of the NHANES 2017–2018 were analyzed using a survey‐weighted approach to ensure the findings are representative of the broader US adult population. Serum levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. CKM syndrome stages were defined according to the 2023 American Heart Association guidelines, with advanced CKM syndrome categorized as stages 3 or 4. Associations between serum carotenoids and advanced CKM syndrome were assessed using logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Results The study included 1671 adults aged 20 years and older, with a mean age of 48.7 years and a gender distribution of 50.9% female and 49.1% male. Higher serum levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, α‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were inversely associated with advanced CKM syndrome. Specifically, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of α‐carotene had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16–0.55), β‐carotene 0.35 (95% CI: 0.16–0.78), α‐cryptoxanthin 0.23 (95% CI: 0.11–0.49), lutein/zeaxanthin 0.26 (95% CI: 0.14–0.48), and lycopene 0.58 (95% CI: 0.35–0.98). However, β‐cryptoxanthin did not show a significant association. Moreover, the combined effect of all carotenoids was significantly negatively correlated with advanced CKM syndrome (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.86), with lutein/zeaxanthin contributing the most (44.56%). Conclusions Elevated serum carotenoid levels are inversely associated with the prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome in a dose‐dependent manner, with this association remaining consistent across diverse demographic and health subgroups.https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70046cardiovascular diseasecarotenoidskidney diseasemetabolic syndromeNHANESWQS
spellingShingle Mengli Chen
Shuyue Cai
Qinfeng Jia
Yifang Suo
Yuan Tang
Yanping Shi
Xu Zhu
Haifeng Zhang
Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
Journal of Diabetes
cardiovascular disease
carotenoids
kidney disease
metabolic syndrome
NHANES
WQS
title Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
title_full Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
title_fullStr Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
title_full_unstemmed Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
title_short Inverse Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome Among the General Adult Population
title_sort inverse relationship between serum carotenoid levels and cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome among the general adult population
topic cardiovascular disease
carotenoids
kidney disease
metabolic syndrome
NHANES
WQS
url https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70046
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