A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky

An ever-increasing number of actors, including private entities, are conducting space activities that involve the launch of spacecraft into orbit. The ‘miniaturisationʼ of technology has meant that this now includes the launch of large constellations of small satellites. Notwithstanding their commer...

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Main Authors: Steven Freeland, Anne-Sophie Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Scandinavian University Press 2024-04-01
Series:Oslo Law Review
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/olr.10.3.1
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author Steven Freeland
Anne-Sophie Martin
author_facet Steven Freeland
Anne-Sophie Martin
author_sort Steven Freeland
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description An ever-increasing number of actors, including private entities, are conducting space activities that involve the launch of spacecraft into orbit. The ‘miniaturisationʼ of technology has meant that this now includes the launch of large constellations of small satellites. Notwithstanding their commercial benefits, the deployment of large numbers of objects into Low Earth Orbit raises concerns for elements of the international space community specifically concerned with the protection of the ‘darkʼ skies. Large constellation programmes and space debris reflect sunlight into astronomical telescopes or cross their field of view, in many instances degrading certain astronomical observations which would otherwise support our capacity to understand the universe, enable deep-space navigation and exploration and provide early warning detection of near-Earth objects. The various differing interests at stake represent challenges in the application of international environmental law as well as for the current space legal framework, especially for the preservation of the space environment and the long-term sustainability of space activities. Considering the congested space environment and the need to preserve the ‘darkʼ skies for astronomical observation, establishing space traffic management rules and standards is of particular importance.
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spelling doaj-art-9dcc326eb87d46479dbe031044994a692025-08-20T03:19:56ZengScandinavian University PressOslo Law Review2387-32992024-04-0110312210.18261/olr.10.3.1A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ SkySteven Freeland0Anne-Sophie Martin1Western Sydney University; Professorial Fellow at Bond UniversityInstitute for International Legal Studies of the National Research Council (ISGI-CNR), Rome, Italy; Fellow, For All Moonkindʼs Institute on Space Law and EthicsAn ever-increasing number of actors, including private entities, are conducting space activities that involve the launch of spacecraft into orbit. The ‘miniaturisationʼ of technology has meant that this now includes the launch of large constellations of small satellites. Notwithstanding their commercial benefits, the deployment of large numbers of objects into Low Earth Orbit raises concerns for elements of the international space community specifically concerned with the protection of the ‘darkʼ skies. Large constellation programmes and space debris reflect sunlight into astronomical telescopes or cross their field of view, in many instances degrading certain astronomical observations which would otherwise support our capacity to understand the universe, enable deep-space navigation and exploration and provide early warning detection of near-Earth objects. The various differing interests at stake represent challenges in the application of international environmental law as well as for the current space legal framework, especially for the preservation of the space environment and the long-term sustainability of space activities. Considering the congested space environment and the need to preserve the ‘darkʼ skies for astronomical observation, establishing space traffic management rules and standards is of particular importance.https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/olr.10.3.1astronomylarge constellationsmega-constellationsenvironmentsustainabilityinternational law
spellingShingle Steven Freeland
Anne-Sophie Martin
A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
Oslo Law Review
astronomy
large constellations
mega-constellations
environment
sustainability
international law
title A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
title_full A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
title_fullStr A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
title_full_unstemmed A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
title_short A Sky Full of Stars, Constellations, Satellites and More! Legal Issues for a ‘Darkʼ Sky
title_sort sky full of stars constellations satellites and more legal issues for a dark sky
topic astronomy
large constellations
mega-constellations
environment
sustainability
international law
url https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/olr.10.3.1
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