The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China
Agroforestry systems can improve land use efficiency and increase the output of agricultural and forestry products. In this study, a camphor forest–winter rapeseed composite system was used as the research object from 2023 to 2024. A randomized block experiment was used to set different slopes, S1,...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Xin Luo Xianghui Lu Haina Zhang Haolong Wan Yue Zhang Xiaoying Feng |
| author_facet | Xin Luo Xianghui Lu Haina Zhang Haolong Wan Yue Zhang Xiaoying Feng |
| author_sort | Xin Luo |
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| description | Agroforestry systems can improve land use efficiency and increase the output of agricultural and forestry products. In this study, a camphor forest–winter rapeseed composite system was used as the research object from 2023 to 2024. A randomized block experiment was used to set different slopes, S1, S2, and S3 (5°, 10°, and 15°), and camphor forest densities D1, D2, and D3 (row spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, 1.0 m × 1.5 m, 1.0 m × 1.0 m) to compare a single crop (CK) of winter rapeseed and analyze its growth status. This study showed that slope and camphor forest density significantly affected the growth indicators of winter rapeseed. Among the intercropping treatments, S1D2 (5°, 1.0 m × 1.5 m) performed best. In the late growth period of winter rapeseed (flowering to maturity), the treatment increased leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content, root system indicators (length, surface area, volume), theoretical yield, and actual yield, and it increased the aboveground biomass per unit area. Although the actual yield of intercropping on slopes S1, S2, and S3 was 2.52%, 2.82%, and 1.72% lower than that of monocropping, respectively, the ground surface was exposed and idle in winter after the camphor trees were cut down in September. Intercropping winter rapeseed with camphor trees can improve land utilization and increase surface coverage. The results showed that the S1D2 (5°, 1.0 m × 1.5 m), S2D1 (10°, 1.5 m × 1.5 m), and S3D1 (15°, 1.5 m × 1.5 m) treatments performed well in terms of biomass accumulation and yield, and they can be used as recommended intercropping patterns for different slopes. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-9db834db987b4f879c4d10b6e32d8c5a2025-08-20T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-01149137410.3390/plants14091374The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern ChinaXin Luo0Xianghui Lu1Haina Zhang2Haolong Wan3Yue Zhang4Xiaoying Feng5Jiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaJiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaJiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaJiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaJiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaJiangxi Camphor Tree Breeding and Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, ChinaAgroforestry systems can improve land use efficiency and increase the output of agricultural and forestry products. In this study, a camphor forest–winter rapeseed composite system was used as the research object from 2023 to 2024. A randomized block experiment was used to set different slopes, S1, S2, and S3 (5°, 10°, and 15°), and camphor forest densities D1, D2, and D3 (row spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, 1.0 m × 1.5 m, 1.0 m × 1.0 m) to compare a single crop (CK) of winter rapeseed and analyze its growth status. This study showed that slope and camphor forest density significantly affected the growth indicators of winter rapeseed. Among the intercropping treatments, S1D2 (5°, 1.0 m × 1.5 m) performed best. In the late growth period of winter rapeseed (flowering to maturity), the treatment increased leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content, root system indicators (length, surface area, volume), theoretical yield, and actual yield, and it increased the aboveground biomass per unit area. Although the actual yield of intercropping on slopes S1, S2, and S3 was 2.52%, 2.82%, and 1.72% lower than that of monocropping, respectively, the ground surface was exposed and idle in winter after the camphor trees were cut down in September. Intercropping winter rapeseed with camphor trees can improve land utilization and increase surface coverage. The results showed that the S1D2 (5°, 1.0 m × 1.5 m), S2D1 (10°, 1.5 m × 1.5 m), and S3D1 (15°, 1.5 m × 1.5 m) treatments performed well in terms of biomass accumulation and yield, and they can be used as recommended intercropping patterns for different slopes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/9/1374agroforestry systemwinter rapeseedcamphor dwarf foreststand densityslope |
| spellingShingle | Xin Luo Xianghui Lu Haina Zhang Haolong Wan Yue Zhang Xiaoying Feng The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China Plants agroforestry system winter rapeseed camphor dwarf forest stand density slope |
| title | The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China |
| title_full | The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China |
| title_short | The Effects of Stand Density on the Growth of Winter Rapeseed in an Agroforestry Intercropping System in the Red Soil Slopes of Southern China |
| title_sort | effects of stand density on the growth of winter rapeseed in an agroforestry intercropping system in the red soil slopes of southern china |
| topic | agroforestry system winter rapeseed camphor dwarf forest stand density slope |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/9/1374 |
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