Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK Biobank. Methods We performed this prospective study in 381,938 adults without COPD from UK Biobank. Serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-densit...

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Main Authors: Mengxia Li, Bingqing Xu, Hao Yu, Yanan Wan, Zheng Zhu, Pengfei Luo, Jian Su, Jinyi Zhou, Xikang Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01026-7
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author Mengxia Li
Bingqing Xu
Hao Yu
Yanan Wan
Zheng Zhu
Pengfei Luo
Jian Su
Jinyi Zhou
Xikang Fan
author_facet Mengxia Li
Bingqing Xu
Hao Yu
Yanan Wan
Zheng Zhu
Pengfei Luo
Jian Su
Jinyi Zhou
Xikang Fan
author_sort Mengxia Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK Biobank. Methods We performed this prospective study in 381,938 adults without COPD from UK Biobank. Serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured and classified into quintiles. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to visualize the dose-response relationship between lipids and COPD risk and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We documented 10,443 incident COPD cases. Nonlinear relationships were found between HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, ApoA, ApoB and COPD risk with RCS analysis (P values for non-linearity < 0.05). Accordingly, multivariable-adjusted regression analysis indicated abnormal HDL-C and ApoA, and low LDL-C, TC and ApoB were associated with increased risk of COPD. Compared to intermediate quintile (Q3) group, both high or low HDL-C and ApoA were associated with risk of COPD. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (1.08–1.22), 1.16 (1.09–1.23) in Q1 group and 1.08 (1.01–1.16), 1.07 (1.00-1.14) in Q5 group. For LDL-C, TC and ApoB, there were more than 29% higher risk was observed in Q1 group with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.34 (1.27–1.42), 1.38 (1.30–1.46) and 1.29 (1.21–1.37), while HRs (95% CIs) were 0.88 (0.83–0.94), 0.92 (0.86–0.98) and 0.90 (0.84–0.95) in Q5 groups. We also observed the interactions between specific lipids and age at recruitment, sex and smoking status with stratified analysis. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence demonstrating the associations between six major serum lipids and COPD risk, revealing multiple nonlinear relationships. There were U-shaped associations between serum HDL-C, ApoA and COPD risk, and L-shaped associations between LDL-C, TC, ApoB and COPD risk.
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spelling doaj-art-9da98d1a0d5143699422f2d7561ee6fd2025-08-20T03:05:09ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-08-0144111010.1186/s41043-025-01026-7Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK BiobankMengxia Li0Bingqing Xu1Hao Yu2Yanan Wan3Zheng Zhu4Pengfei Luo5Jian Su6Jinyi Zhou7Xikang Fan8Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK Biobank. Methods We performed this prospective study in 381,938 adults without COPD from UK Biobank. Serum high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured and classified into quintiles. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied to visualize the dose-response relationship between lipids and COPD risk and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We documented 10,443 incident COPD cases. Nonlinear relationships were found between HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, ApoA, ApoB and COPD risk with RCS analysis (P values for non-linearity < 0.05). Accordingly, multivariable-adjusted regression analysis indicated abnormal HDL-C and ApoA, and low LDL-C, TC and ApoB were associated with increased risk of COPD. Compared to intermediate quintile (Q3) group, both high or low HDL-C and ApoA were associated with risk of COPD. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (1.08–1.22), 1.16 (1.09–1.23) in Q1 group and 1.08 (1.01–1.16), 1.07 (1.00-1.14) in Q5 group. For LDL-C, TC and ApoB, there were more than 29% higher risk was observed in Q1 group with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.34 (1.27–1.42), 1.38 (1.30–1.46) and 1.29 (1.21–1.37), while HRs (95% CIs) were 0.88 (0.83–0.94), 0.92 (0.86–0.98) and 0.90 (0.84–0.95) in Q5 groups. We also observed the interactions between specific lipids and age at recruitment, sex and smoking status with stratified analysis. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence demonstrating the associations between six major serum lipids and COPD risk, revealing multiple nonlinear relationships. There were U-shaped associations between serum HDL-C, ApoA and COPD risk, and L-shaped associations between LDL-C, TC, ApoB and COPD risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01026-7Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseSerum lipidsIncidenceProspective cohort studyUK biobank
spellingShingle Mengxia Li
Bingqing Xu
Hao Yu
Yanan Wan
Zheng Zhu
Pengfei Luo
Jian Su
Jinyi Zhou
Xikang Fan
Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Serum lipids
Incidence
Prospective cohort study
UK biobank
title Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
title_full Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
title_fullStr Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
title_full_unstemmed Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
title_short Associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank
title_sort associations between serum lipid profiles and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the uk biobank
topic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Serum lipids
Incidence
Prospective cohort study
UK biobank
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01026-7
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