Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin
The Jurassic Tamulangou Formation in the Hongqi Depression has favorable hydrocarbon generation conditions and great resource potential. This study systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics and thermal evolution history of the source rocks using data from multiple key wells. The dark m...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Junping Cui Wei Jin Zhanli Ren Hua Tao Haoyu Song Wei Guo |
| author_facet | Junping Cui Wei Jin Zhanli Ren Hua Tao Haoyu Song Wei Guo |
| author_sort | Junping Cui |
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| description | The Jurassic Tamulangou Formation in the Hongqi Depression has favorable hydrocarbon generation conditions and great resource potential. This study systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics and thermal evolution history of the source rocks using data from multiple key wells. The dark mudstone of the Tamulangou Formation has a thickness ranging from 50 to 200 m, with an average total organic carbon (TOC) content of 0.14–2.91%, an average chloroform bitumen “A” content of 0.168%, and an average hydrocarbon generation potential of 0.13–3.71 mg/g. The organic matter is primarily Type II and Type III kerogen, with an average vitrinite reflectance of 0.71–1.36%, indicating that the source rocks have generally reached the mature hydrocarbon generation stage and are classified as medium-quality source rocks. Thermal history simulation results show that the source rocks have undergone two major thermal evolution stages: a rapid heating phase from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and a slow cooling phase from the Late Cretaceous to the present. There are differences in the thermal evolution history of different parts of the Hongqi Depression. In the southern part, the Tamulangou Formation entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold at 138 Ma, reached the hydrocarbon generation peak at approximately 119 Ma, and is currently in a highly mature hydrocarbon generation stage. In contrast, the central part entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold at 128 Ma, reached a moderately mature stage around 74 Ma, and has remained at this stage to the present. Thermal history simulations indicate that the Hongqi Depression reached its maximum paleotemperature at 100 Ma in the Late Early Cretaceous. The temperature evolution pattern is characterized by an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease. During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the Hongqi Depression experienced significant fault-controlled subsidence and sedimentation, with a maximum sedimentation rate of 340 m/Ma, accompanied by intense volcanic activity that created a high-temperature geothermal gradient of 40–65 °C/km, with paleotemperatures exceeding 140 °C and a heating rate of 1.38–2.02 °C/Ma. This thermal background is consistent with the relatively high thermal regime observed in northern Chinese basins during the Late Early Cretaceous. Subsequently, the basin underwent uplift and cooling, reducing subsidence and gradually lowering formation temperatures. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9da8409490c7449aaed9b0ac70337c8c2025-08-20T03:58:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514805210.3390/app15148052Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar BasinJunping Cui0Wei Jin1Zhanli Ren2Hua Tao3Haoyu Song4Wei Guo5Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaExploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield, China National Petroleum Corporation, Daqing 163712, ChinaDepartment of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaDepartment of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaDepartment of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaDepartment of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaThe Jurassic Tamulangou Formation in the Hongqi Depression has favorable hydrocarbon generation conditions and great resource potential. This study systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics and thermal evolution history of the source rocks using data from multiple key wells. The dark mudstone of the Tamulangou Formation has a thickness ranging from 50 to 200 m, with an average total organic carbon (TOC) content of 0.14–2.91%, an average chloroform bitumen “A” content of 0.168%, and an average hydrocarbon generation potential of 0.13–3.71 mg/g. The organic matter is primarily Type II and Type III kerogen, with an average vitrinite reflectance of 0.71–1.36%, indicating that the source rocks have generally reached the mature hydrocarbon generation stage and are classified as medium-quality source rocks. Thermal history simulation results show that the source rocks have undergone two major thermal evolution stages: a rapid heating phase from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and a slow cooling phase from the Late Cretaceous to the present. There are differences in the thermal evolution history of different parts of the Hongqi Depression. In the southern part, the Tamulangou Formation entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold at 138 Ma, reached the hydrocarbon generation peak at approximately 119 Ma, and is currently in a highly mature hydrocarbon generation stage. In contrast, the central part entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold at 128 Ma, reached a moderately mature stage around 74 Ma, and has remained at this stage to the present. Thermal history simulations indicate that the Hongqi Depression reached its maximum paleotemperature at 100 Ma in the Late Early Cretaceous. The temperature evolution pattern is characterized by an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease. During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the Hongqi Depression experienced significant fault-controlled subsidence and sedimentation, with a maximum sedimentation rate of 340 m/Ma, accompanied by intense volcanic activity that created a high-temperature geothermal gradient of 40–65 °C/km, with paleotemperatures exceeding 140 °C and a heating rate of 1.38–2.02 °C/Ma. This thermal background is consistent with the relatively high thermal regime observed in northern Chinese basins during the Late Early Cretaceous. Subsequently, the basin underwent uplift and cooling, reducing subsidence and gradually lowering formation temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/8052Hailar BasinHongqi DepressionTamulangou Formationsource rocksgeochemical characteristicsthermal evolution history |
| spellingShingle | Junping Cui Wei Jin Zhanli Ren Hua Tao Haoyu Song Wei Guo Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin Applied Sciences Hailar Basin Hongqi Depression Tamulangou Formation source rocks geochemical characteristics thermal evolution history |
| title | Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin |
| title_full | Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin |
| title_fullStr | Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin |
| title_short | Geochemical Characteristics and Thermal Evolution History of Jurassic Tamulangou Formation Source Rocks in the Hongqi Depression, Hailar Basin |
| title_sort | geochemical characteristics and thermal evolution history of jurassic tamulangou formation source rocks in the hongqi depression hailar basin |
| topic | Hailar Basin Hongqi Depression Tamulangou Formation source rocks geochemical characteristics thermal evolution history |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/8052 |
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