Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the role of environmental and lifestyle factors in the development of pancreatic cancer in Kosovo, a transi...

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Main Authors: Kreshnike Dedushi Hoti, Jeton Shatri, Flaka Pasha, Masum Rahman, Jona Kosova, Leotrim Berisha, Mirlinda Berisha, Arruj Hassan, Abu Bakar Siddik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: International Medical Research and Development Corporation 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Biomedicine
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Online Access:http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i58/ijbm_15(2)_oa10.pdf
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author Kreshnike Dedushi Hoti
Jeton Shatri
Flaka Pasha
Masum Rahman
Jona Kosova
Leotrim Berisha
Mirlinda Berisha
Arruj Hassan
Abu Bakar Siddik
author_facet Kreshnike Dedushi Hoti
Jeton Shatri
Flaka Pasha
Masum Rahman
Jona Kosova
Leotrim Berisha
Mirlinda Berisha
Arruj Hassan
Abu Bakar Siddik
author_sort Kreshnike Dedushi Hoti
collection DOAJ
description Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the role of environmental and lifestyle factors in the development of pancreatic cancer in Kosovo, a transitioning country in Southeast Europe. Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 519 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, from 2012 to 2022. Demographic, clinical, and environmental exposure data were collected, including air pollutant levels from national monitoring agencies. The study revealed a 200% increase in cases over ten years, with the highest burden among males (63%) and those aged 60–69. Urban centers, especially Prishtina, reported the highest incidence. Concurrently, levels of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) rose by 35%, 19%, and 22%, respectively. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking (35.5%), type 2 diabetes (35.5%), and alcohol use (8.5%), were prevalent. Conclusions: There is a strong association between increased pancreatic cancer incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution in Kosovo. Environmental pollutants, compounded by modifiable lifestyle factors, may be critical in disease onset, warranting urgent public health interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-9da06e6dfa0c46e7a823d8035f0d257a2025-08-20T03:25:03ZengInternational Medical Research and Development CorporationInternational Journal of Biomedicine2158-05102158-05292025-06-0115233333710.21103/Article15(2)_OA10Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast EuropeKreshnike Dedushi Hoti0Jeton Shatri1Flaka Pasha2Masum Rahman3Jona Kosova4Leotrim Berisha5Mirlinda Berisha6Arruj Hassan7Abu Bakar Siddik8Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina,” Prishtina, Kosovo; Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina,” Prishtina, Kosovo; Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina,” Prishtina, Kosovo; Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo General Surgery, Conemaugh Medical Center, Johnstown, PA, USAFaculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina,” Prishtina, KosovoClinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina,” Prishtina, KosovoGeneral Surgery, Conemaugh Medical Center, Johnstown, PA, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USABackground: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the role of environmental and lifestyle factors in the development of pancreatic cancer in Kosovo, a transitioning country in Southeast Europe. Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 519 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, from 2012 to 2022. Demographic, clinical, and environmental exposure data were collected, including air pollutant levels from national monitoring agencies. The study revealed a 200% increase in cases over ten years, with the highest burden among males (63%) and those aged 60–69. Urban centers, especially Prishtina, reported the highest incidence. Concurrently, levels of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) rose by 35%, 19%, and 22%, respectively. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking (35.5%), type 2 diabetes (35.5%), and alcohol use (8.5%), were prevalent. Conclusions: There is a strong association between increased pancreatic cancer incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution in Kosovo. Environmental pollutants, compounded by modifiable lifestyle factors, may be critical in disease onset, warranting urgent public health interventions.http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i58/ijbm_15(2)_oa10.pdfpancreatic cancerenvironmental risk factorscancer incidencedeveloping countries
spellingShingle Kreshnike Dedushi Hoti
Jeton Shatri
Flaka Pasha
Masum Rahman
Jona Kosova
Leotrim Berisha
Mirlinda Berisha
Arruj Hassan
Abu Bakar Siddik
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
International Journal of Biomedicine
pancreatic cancer
environmental risk factors
cancer incidence
developing countries
title Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
title_full Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
title_fullStr Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
title_full_unstemmed Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
title_short Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Onset of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Study from Kosovo as a Transitioning Country in Southeast Europe
title_sort environmental and lifestyle factors in the onset of pancreatic cancer a 10 year study from kosovo as a transitioning country in southeast europe
topic pancreatic cancer
environmental risk factors
cancer incidence
developing countries
url http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i58/ijbm_15(2)_oa10.pdf
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