Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages

Ion transport modulators are most commonly used to treat various noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and hypertension. They are also known to bind to receptors on various immune cells, but the immunomodulatory properties of most ion transport modulators have not been fully elucidated. We ass...

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Main Authors: Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma, Narmada Fernando, G. K. D. Ishaka, Shiroma M. Handunnetti, Sisira L. Pathirana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Journal of Immunology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8832586
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author Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma
Narmada Fernando
G. K. D. Ishaka
Shiroma M. Handunnetti
Sisira L. Pathirana
author_facet Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma
Narmada Fernando
G. K. D. Ishaka
Shiroma M. Handunnetti
Sisira L. Pathirana
author_sort Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma
collection DOAJ
description Ion transport modulators are most commonly used to treat various noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and hypertension. They are also known to bind to receptors on various immune cells, but the immunomodulatory properties of most ion transport modulators have not been fully elucidated. We assessed the effects of thirteen FDA-approved ion transport modulators, namely, ambroxol HCl, amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y on superoxide production, nitric oxide production, and cytokine expression by THP-1-derived macrophages that had been stimulated with ethanol-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Ambroxol HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug Y had an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, while all the test drugs had an inhibitory effect on superoxide production. Amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Unlike most immunomodulatory compounds currently in clinical use, most of the test drugs inhibited some inflammatory processes while promoting others. Ion pumps and ion channels could therefore serve as targets for more selective immunomodulatory agents which do not cause overt immunosuppression.
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issn 2314-8861
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spelling doaj-art-9d9d715dbe434b72b282d4da2bdddb722025-08-20T03:38:19ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88325868832586Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived MacrophagesSteven C. Mitini-Nkhoma0Narmada Fernando1G. K. D. Ishaka2Shiroma M. Handunnetti3Sisira L. Pathirana4Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri LankaIon transport modulators are most commonly used to treat various noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and hypertension. They are also known to bind to receptors on various immune cells, but the immunomodulatory properties of most ion transport modulators have not been fully elucidated. We assessed the effects of thirteen FDA-approved ion transport modulators, namely, ambroxol HCl, amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y on superoxide production, nitric oxide production, and cytokine expression by THP-1-derived macrophages that had been stimulated with ethanol-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Ambroxol HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug Y had an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, while all the test drugs had an inhibitory effect on superoxide production. Amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Unlike most immunomodulatory compounds currently in clinical use, most of the test drugs inhibited some inflammatory processes while promoting others. Ion pumps and ion channels could therefore serve as targets for more selective immunomodulatory agents which do not cause overt immunosuppression.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8832586
spellingShingle Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma
Narmada Fernando
G. K. D. Ishaka
Shiroma M. Handunnetti
Sisira L. Pathirana
Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
Journal of Immunology Research
title Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
title_full Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
title_fullStr Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
title_short Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages
title_sort ion transport modulators differentially modulate inflammatory responses in thp 1 derived macrophages
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8832586
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