Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
We present the discovery of Andromeda XXXV, the faintest Andromeda satellite galaxy discovered to date, identified as an overdensity of stars in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey and confirmed via Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Located at a heliocentric distance of $92{7}_{-63}^{+76}$ kpc and...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb433 |
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| author | Jose Marco Arias Eric F. Bell Katya Gozman In Sung Jang Saxon Stockton Oleg Y. Gnedin Richard D’Souza Antonela Monachesi Jeremy Bailin David Nidever Roelof S. de Jong |
| author_facet | Jose Marco Arias Eric F. Bell Katya Gozman In Sung Jang Saxon Stockton Oleg Y. Gnedin Richard D’Souza Antonela Monachesi Jeremy Bailin David Nidever Roelof S. de Jong |
| author_sort | Jose Marco Arias |
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| description | We present the discovery of Andromeda XXXV, the faintest Andromeda satellite galaxy discovered to date, identified as an overdensity of stars in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey and confirmed via Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Located at a heliocentric distance of $92{7}_{-63}^{+76}$ kpc and $15{8}_{-45}^{+57}$ kpc from Andromeda, Andromeda XXXV is an extended ( ${r}_{h}=5{3\,}_{-11}^{+13}$ pc), elliptical ( ϵ = 0.4 ± 0.2), metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.9) system, and the least luminous ( M _V = −5.2 ± 0.3) of Andromeda’s dwarf satellites discovered so far. Andromeda XXXV’s properties are consistent with the known population of dwarf galaxies around the Local Group, bearing close structural resemblance to the Canes Venatici II and Hydra II Milky Way (MW) dwarf satellite galaxies. Its stellar population, characterized by a red horizontal branch or a red clump feature, mirrors that of other Andromeda satellite galaxies in showing evidence for a spread in age and metallicity, with no signs of younger stellar generations. This age–metallicity spread is not observed in MW satellites of comparable stellar mass, and highlights the persistent differences between the satellite systems of Andromeda and the MW, extending even into the ultrafaint regime. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d77bbc0ccc342d3badd2a24f81f5a8b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d77bbc0ccc342d3badd2a24f81f5a8b2025-08-20T02:04:37ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019821L310.3847/2041-8213/adb433Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda GalaxyJose Marco Arias0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9085-5928Eric F. Bell1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-9873Katya Gozman2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-4187In Sung Jang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-0070Saxon Stockton4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-0213Oleg Y. Gnedin5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-9954Richard D’Souza6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-8167Antonela Monachesi7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-9616Jeremy Bailin8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-010XDavid Nidever9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-3689Roelof S. de Jong10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-4081Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA ; joarias@umich.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA ; joarias@umich.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA ; joarias@umich.eduDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics, Utah Valley University , 800 W. University Pkwy., Orem, UT 84058, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA ; joarias@umich.eduVatican Observatory , Specola Vaticana, V-00120, Vatican City StateDepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena , Avda. Rául Bitrán 1305, La Serena, ChileDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324, USADepartment of Physics, Montana State University , P.O. Box 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717-3840, USALeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, GermanyWe present the discovery of Andromeda XXXV, the faintest Andromeda satellite galaxy discovered to date, identified as an overdensity of stars in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey and confirmed via Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Located at a heliocentric distance of $92{7}_{-63}^{+76}$ kpc and $15{8}_{-45}^{+57}$ kpc from Andromeda, Andromeda XXXV is an extended ( ${r}_{h}=5{3\,}_{-11}^{+13}$ pc), elliptical ( ϵ = 0.4 ± 0.2), metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.9) system, and the least luminous ( M _V = −5.2 ± 0.3) of Andromeda’s dwarf satellites discovered so far. Andromeda XXXV’s properties are consistent with the known population of dwarf galaxies around the Local Group, bearing close structural resemblance to the Canes Venatici II and Hydra II Milky Way (MW) dwarf satellite galaxies. Its stellar population, characterized by a red horizontal branch or a red clump feature, mirrors that of other Andromeda satellite galaxies in showing evidence for a spread in age and metallicity, with no signs of younger stellar generations. This age–metallicity spread is not observed in MW satellites of comparable stellar mass, and highlights the persistent differences between the satellite systems of Andromeda and the MW, extending even into the ultrafaint regime.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb433Dwarf galaxiesAndromeda Galaxy |
| spellingShingle | Jose Marco Arias Eric F. Bell Katya Gozman In Sung Jang Saxon Stockton Oleg Y. Gnedin Richard D’Souza Antonela Monachesi Jeremy Bailin David Nidever Roelof S. de Jong Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy The Astrophysical Journal Letters Dwarf galaxies Andromeda Galaxy |
| title | Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| title_full | Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| title_fullStr | Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| title_short | Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| title_sort | andromeda xxxv the faintest dwarf satellite of the andromeda galaxy |
| topic | Dwarf galaxies Andromeda Galaxy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adb433 |
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