It Matters Who You Ask: Validity and Reliability of Animal Empathy Scoring Scales in Canadian Public and Participants in Beef Production

It Matters Who You Ask: Validity and Reliability of Animal Empathy Scoring Scales in Canadian Public and Participants in Beef Production

Reliable measurements are central to understanding animal-directed empathy. This research study utilizes data from two online surveys to evaluate the validity and reliability of measures of animal-directed empathy. The survey data was of (1) Canadians who have participated in beef cattle processing...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Christy Goldhawk, Ed Pajor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
livestock production
public perspective
calf
handling
welfare
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1788
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