Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties

Drought, exacerbated by climate change, threatens global food security, particularly impacting crop products, including tomatoes, which are economically essential but drought sensitive. This study explores drought responses in the wild-type Solanum pennellii (WT), known for drought tolerance, and cu...

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Main Authors: Athira C. Rajeev, Rajesh Raju, Archana Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1572619/full
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author Athira C. Rajeev
Athira C. Rajeev
Rajesh Raju
Archana Pan
author_facet Athira C. Rajeev
Athira C. Rajeev
Rajesh Raju
Archana Pan
author_sort Athira C. Rajeev
collection DOAJ
description Drought, exacerbated by climate change, threatens global food security, particularly impacting crop products, including tomatoes, which are economically essential but drought sensitive. This study explores drought responses in the wild-type Solanum pennellii (WT), known for drought tolerance, and cultivated Solanum lycopersicum (CT), through RNA-Seq analysis at three drought intervals (2 Weeks +5D, +8D, and +11D). Across these points, WT and CT showed 716 and 1459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Pathway enrichment revealed distinct metabolic adaptations: wild varieties prioritized arginine and proline metabolism early, shifting to cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis by day 11, while cultivated varieties emphasized steroid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite production, and photosynthesis-related pathways. Transcription factor analysis highlighted HB-HD-ZIP enrichment in wild varieties, contrasting with broader, less coordinated TF activation in cultivated varieties. WGCNA identified the blue module as significantly associated with prolonged drought in both species. Network analysis showed ribosomal pathways enriched in CT, while in WT, it was observed broader pathway enrichment, including secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and oxidative stress pathways. In WT unique hub genes were, sucrose synthase and malate synthase, suggesting specialized drought adaptation mechanisms. These findings highlight multifaceted drought resilience strategy of WT compared to growth-focused response of CT, offering a foundation for breeding drought-resistant tomato varieties critical for food security under climate pressures.
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spelling doaj-art-9d6c5d3b13704e2cb214ff95fbf559a02025-08-20T02:47:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-07-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15726191572619Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varietiesAthira C. Rajeev0Athira C. Rajeev1Rajesh Raju2Archana Pan3Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaCentre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IndiaCentre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IndiaDepartment of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaDrought, exacerbated by climate change, threatens global food security, particularly impacting crop products, including tomatoes, which are economically essential but drought sensitive. This study explores drought responses in the wild-type Solanum pennellii (WT), known for drought tolerance, and cultivated Solanum lycopersicum (CT), through RNA-Seq analysis at three drought intervals (2 Weeks +5D, +8D, and +11D). Across these points, WT and CT showed 716 and 1459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Pathway enrichment revealed distinct metabolic adaptations: wild varieties prioritized arginine and proline metabolism early, shifting to cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis by day 11, while cultivated varieties emphasized steroid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite production, and photosynthesis-related pathways. Transcription factor analysis highlighted HB-HD-ZIP enrichment in wild varieties, contrasting with broader, less coordinated TF activation in cultivated varieties. WGCNA identified the blue module as significantly associated with prolonged drought in both species. Network analysis showed ribosomal pathways enriched in CT, while in WT, it was observed broader pathway enrichment, including secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and oxidative stress pathways. In WT unique hub genes were, sucrose synthase and malate synthase, suggesting specialized drought adaptation mechanisms. These findings highlight multifaceted drought resilience strategy of WT compared to growth-focused response of CT, offering a foundation for breeding drought-resistant tomato varieties critical for food security under climate pressures.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1572619/fullSolanumwildcultivateddroughttranscriptomeWGCNA
spellingShingle Athira C. Rajeev
Athira C. Rajeev
Rajesh Raju
Archana Pan
Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
Frontiers in Plant Science
Solanum
wild
cultivated
drought
transcriptome
WGCNA
title Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
title_full Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
title_fullStr Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
title_full_unstemmed Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
title_short Temporal transcriptome and WGCNA analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated Solanum varieties
title_sort temporal transcriptome and wgcna analysis unveils divergent drought response strategies in wild and cultivated solanum varieties
topic Solanum
wild
cultivated
drought
transcriptome
WGCNA
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1572619/full
work_keys_str_mv AT athiracrajeev temporaltranscriptomeandwgcnaanalysisunveilsdivergentdroughtresponsestrategiesinwildandcultivatedsolanumvarieties
AT athiracrajeev temporaltranscriptomeandwgcnaanalysisunveilsdivergentdroughtresponsestrategiesinwildandcultivatedsolanumvarieties
AT rajeshraju temporaltranscriptomeandwgcnaanalysisunveilsdivergentdroughtresponsestrategiesinwildandcultivatedsolanumvarieties
AT archanapan temporaltranscriptomeandwgcnaanalysisunveilsdivergentdroughtresponsestrategiesinwildandcultivatedsolanumvarieties