Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes

Summary: Eukaryotes exhibit a complex and dynamic internal meshwork of membranes—the endomembrane system—used to insert membrane proteins and ingest food. Verbal models explaining the origin of endomembranes abound, but quantitative considerations of fitness are lacking. Drawing on quantitative data...

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Main Authors: Paul E. Schavemaker, Michael Lynch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Cell Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725003043
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author Paul E. Schavemaker
Michael Lynch
author_facet Paul E. Schavemaker
Michael Lynch
author_sort Paul E. Schavemaker
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Eukaryotes exhibit a complex and dynamic internal meshwork of membranes—the endomembrane system—used to insert membrane proteins and ingest food. Verbal models explaining the origin of endomembranes abound, but quantitative considerations of fitness are lacking. Drawing on quantitative data on endomembranes allows for the derivation of two biologically grounded analytical models of endomembrane evolution that quantify organismal fitness: (1) vesicle-based uptake of small nutrient molecules, pinocytosis, and (2) vesicle-based insertion of membrane proteins, proto-endoplasmic reticulum. Surprisingly, pinocytosis of small-molecule nutrients does not provide a net fitness gain under biologically sensible parameter ranges, explaining why pinocytosis is primarily used for protein uptake in contemporary organisms. The proto-endoplasmic reticulum does provide net fitness gains, making it the more likely candidate for initiating the endomembrane system. With modifications, the approach developed here can be used more generally to understand the present-day endomembrane system and illuminate the origin of the eukaryotic cell.
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spelling doaj-art-9d69cf228d0040b580d0c2e097d4540d2025-08-20T02:08:20ZengElsevierCell Reports2211-12472025-04-0144411553310.1016/j.celrep.2025.115533Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranesPaul E. Schavemaker0Michael Lynch1Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Corresponding authorBiodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USASummary: Eukaryotes exhibit a complex and dynamic internal meshwork of membranes—the endomembrane system—used to insert membrane proteins and ingest food. Verbal models explaining the origin of endomembranes abound, but quantitative considerations of fitness are lacking. Drawing on quantitative data on endomembranes allows for the derivation of two biologically grounded analytical models of endomembrane evolution that quantify organismal fitness: (1) vesicle-based uptake of small nutrient molecules, pinocytosis, and (2) vesicle-based insertion of membrane proteins, proto-endoplasmic reticulum. Surprisingly, pinocytosis of small-molecule nutrients does not provide a net fitness gain under biologically sensible parameter ranges, explaining why pinocytosis is primarily used for protein uptake in contemporary organisms. The proto-endoplasmic reticulum does provide net fitness gains, making it the more likely candidate for initiating the endomembrane system. With modifications, the approach developed here can be used more generally to understand the present-day endomembrane system and illuminate the origin of the eukaryotic cell.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725003043CP: Cell biology
spellingShingle Paul E. Schavemaker
Michael Lynch
Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
Cell Reports
CP: Cell biology
title Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
title_full Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
title_fullStr Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
title_short Quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
title_sort quantifying the evolutionary paths to endomembranes
topic CP: Cell biology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725003043
work_keys_str_mv AT pauleschavemaker quantifyingtheevolutionarypathstoendomembranes
AT michaellynch quantifyingtheevolutionarypathstoendomembranes