Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system

Abstract Chemokine receptors are critically involved in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes related to immune response mechanisms. Most chemokine receptors are prototypical GPCRs although some also exhibit naturally-encoded signaling-bias toward β-arrestins (βarrs). C-X-C type ch...

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Main Authors: Shirsha Saha, Fumiya K. Sano, Saloni Sharma, Manisankar Ganguly, Annu Dalal, Sudha Mishra, Divyanshu Tiwari, Hiroaki Akasaka, Takaaki A. Kobayashi, Nabarun Roy, Nashrah Zaidi, Yuzuru Itoh, Rob Leurs, Ramanuj Banerjee, Wataru Shihoya, Osamu Nureki, Arun K. Shukla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58264-w
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author Shirsha Saha
Fumiya K. Sano
Saloni Sharma
Manisankar Ganguly
Annu Dalal
Sudha Mishra
Divyanshu Tiwari
Hiroaki Akasaka
Takaaki A. Kobayashi
Nabarun Roy
Nashrah Zaidi
Yuzuru Itoh
Rob Leurs
Ramanuj Banerjee
Wataru Shihoya
Osamu Nureki
Arun K. Shukla
author_facet Shirsha Saha
Fumiya K. Sano
Saloni Sharma
Manisankar Ganguly
Annu Dalal
Sudha Mishra
Divyanshu Tiwari
Hiroaki Akasaka
Takaaki A. Kobayashi
Nabarun Roy
Nashrah Zaidi
Yuzuru Itoh
Rob Leurs
Ramanuj Banerjee
Wataru Shihoya
Osamu Nureki
Arun K. Shukla
author_sort Shirsha Saha
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chemokine receptors are critically involved in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes related to immune response mechanisms. Most chemokine receptors are prototypical GPCRs although some also exhibit naturally-encoded signaling-bias toward β-arrestins (βarrs). C-X-C type chemokine receptors, namely CXCR3 and CXCR7, constitute a pair wherein the former is a prototypical GPCR while the latter exhibits selective coupling to βarrs despite sharing a common natural agonist: CXCL11. Moreover, CXCR3 and CXCR7 also recognize small molecule agonists suggesting a modular orthosteric ligand binding pocket. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of CXCR3 in an Apo-state and in complex with small molecule agonists biased toward G-proteins or βarrs. These structural snapshots uncover an allosteric network bridging the ligand-binding pocket to intracellular side, driving the transducer-coupling bias at this receptor. Furthermore, structural topology of the orthosteric binding pocket also allows us to discover and validate that selected small molecule agonists of CXCR3 display robust agonism at CXCR7. Collectively, our study offers molecular insights into signaling-bias and dual agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system with therapeutic implications.
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spelling doaj-art-9d5578f9da7a45c3bfb153062c28f6812025-08-20T02:49:30ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111810.1038/s41467-025-58264-wStructural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 systemShirsha Saha0Fumiya K. Sano1Saloni Sharma2Manisankar Ganguly3Annu Dalal4Sudha Mishra5Divyanshu Tiwari6Hiroaki Akasaka7Takaaki A. Kobayashi8Nabarun Roy9Nashrah Zaidi10Yuzuru Itoh11Rob Leurs12Ramanuj Banerjee13Wataru Shihoya14Osamu Nureki15Arun K. Shukla16Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines, and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University AmsterdamDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoDepartment of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurAbstract Chemokine receptors are critically involved in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes related to immune response mechanisms. Most chemokine receptors are prototypical GPCRs although some also exhibit naturally-encoded signaling-bias toward β-arrestins (βarrs). C-X-C type chemokine receptors, namely CXCR3 and CXCR7, constitute a pair wherein the former is a prototypical GPCR while the latter exhibits selective coupling to βarrs despite sharing a common natural agonist: CXCL11. Moreover, CXCR3 and CXCR7 also recognize small molecule agonists suggesting a modular orthosteric ligand binding pocket. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of CXCR3 in an Apo-state and in complex with small molecule agonists biased toward G-proteins or βarrs. These structural snapshots uncover an allosteric network bridging the ligand-binding pocket to intracellular side, driving the transducer-coupling bias at this receptor. Furthermore, structural topology of the orthosteric binding pocket also allows us to discover and validate that selected small molecule agonists of CXCR3 display robust agonism at CXCR7. Collectively, our study offers molecular insights into signaling-bias and dual agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system with therapeutic implications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58264-w
spellingShingle Shirsha Saha
Fumiya K. Sano
Saloni Sharma
Manisankar Ganguly
Annu Dalal
Sudha Mishra
Divyanshu Tiwari
Hiroaki Akasaka
Takaaki A. Kobayashi
Nabarun Roy
Nashrah Zaidi
Yuzuru Itoh
Rob Leurs
Ramanuj Banerjee
Wataru Shihoya
Osamu Nureki
Arun K. Shukla
Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
Nature Communications
title Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
title_full Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
title_fullStr Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
title_full_unstemmed Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
title_short Structural visualization of small molecule recognition by CXCR3 uncovers dual-agonism in the CXCR3-CXCR7 system
title_sort structural visualization of small molecule recognition by cxcr3 uncovers dual agonism in the cxcr3 cxcr7 system
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58264-w
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