Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials

La<sub>1−x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>(Co<sub>0.25</sub>Cr<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.25</sub>Ni<sub>0.25</sub>)O<sub>3−δ</sub> perovskite powders were prepared via a sol-gel process. The A-site was doped with calcium, while fou...

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Main Authors: Geoffrey Swift, Sai Ram Gajjala, Rasit Koc
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/524
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author Geoffrey Swift
Sai Ram Gajjala
Rasit Koc
author_facet Geoffrey Swift
Sai Ram Gajjala
Rasit Koc
author_sort Geoffrey Swift
collection DOAJ
description La<sub>1−x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>(Co<sub>0.25</sub>Cr<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.25</sub>Ni<sub>0.25</sub>)O<sub>3−δ</sub> perovskite powders were prepared via a sol-gel process. The A-site was doped with calcium, while four elements—cobalt, chromium, iron, and nickel—in equiatomic amounts made up the B-site. The configurational entropy was calculated to increase with the addition of calcium from medium to high entropy. The synthesized powders were heated to 1400 °C in air for 2 h to sinter them. The effect of doping on the resulting sintered materials was observed via density measurements and electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity was measured in air as a function of temperature to 900 °C. Conductivity versus composition indicates that an increase in entropy has a marked effect on electrical conductivity, leading to two distinct relationships with temperature.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2073-4352
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Crystals
spelling doaj-art-9d5465b356484ecab5d13ec2b7994c0b2025-08-20T03:27:14ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-05-0115652410.3390/cryst15060524Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite MaterialsGeoffrey Swift0Sai Ram Gajjala1Rasit Koc2School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USASchool of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USASchool of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USALa<sub>1−x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>(Co<sub>0.25</sub>Cr<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>0.25</sub>Ni<sub>0.25</sub>)O<sub>3−δ</sub> perovskite powders were prepared via a sol-gel process. The A-site was doped with calcium, while four elements—cobalt, chromium, iron, and nickel—in equiatomic amounts made up the B-site. The configurational entropy was calculated to increase with the addition of calcium from medium to high entropy. The synthesized powders were heated to 1400 °C in air for 2 h to sinter them. The effect of doping on the resulting sintered materials was observed via density measurements and electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity was measured in air as a function of temperature to 900 °C. Conductivity versus composition indicates that an increase in entropy has a marked effect on electrical conductivity, leading to two distinct relationships with temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/524perovskitedopingsinteringconductivityhigh-entropy
spellingShingle Geoffrey Swift
Sai Ram Gajjala
Rasit Koc
Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
Crystals
perovskite
doping
sintering
conductivity
high-entropy
title Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
title_full Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
title_fullStr Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
title_full_unstemmed Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
title_short Sintering and Electrical Conductivity of Medium- and High-Entropy Calcium-Doped Four B-Site Cation Perovskite Materials
title_sort sintering and electrical conductivity of medium and high entropy calcium doped four b site cation perovskite materials
topic perovskite
doping
sintering
conductivity
high-entropy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/524
work_keys_str_mv AT geoffreyswift sinteringandelectricalconductivityofmediumandhighentropycalciumdopedfourbsitecationperovskitematerials
AT sairamgajjala sinteringandelectricalconductivityofmediumandhighentropycalciumdopedfourbsitecationperovskitematerials
AT rasitkoc sinteringandelectricalconductivityofmediumandhighentropycalciumdopedfourbsitecationperovskitematerials