Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives
The increasing volume of packaging waste, a representative component of municipal solid waste, has raised considerable environmental concerns. The present study conducted a detailed investigation into kinetic and thermodynamic of pyrolysis-gasification for post-consumer beverage cartons (BCs). Subse...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25004885 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850228092738469888 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhitong Yao Denzel Christopher Makepa Sourav Poddar Markus Reinmöller Michael Bertelsen Jingjing Jiang Jiayao Tong Jiuzhuo Cui Jie Liu Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro |
| author_facet | Zhitong Yao Denzel Christopher Makepa Sourav Poddar Markus Reinmöller Michael Bertelsen Jingjing Jiang Jiayao Tong Jiuzhuo Cui Jie Liu Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro |
| author_sort | Zhitong Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing volume of packaging waste, a representative component of municipal solid waste, has raised considerable environmental concerns. The present study conducted a detailed investigation into kinetic and thermodynamic of pyrolysis-gasification for post-consumer beverage cartons (BCs). Subsequently, the conversion was simulated using reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) to outline a proposed conversion pathway. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) was then conducted to evaluate economic performance of BCs conversion at different scales. The BCs decomposition could be divided into four stages of <375, 375–500, 500–800 and 800–900 °C with mass loss of 51.3–60.6, 19.0–25.3, 4.9–12.3 and 2.5–4.7 wt%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry confirmed the evolution of olefins, alkynes, and diolefins. The mean activation energy was calculated to be 60.2 kJ mol−1 within conversion of <0.60, which increased significantly to 205.9 kJ mol−1 for greater conversions. Positive changes in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirmed the endothermic and non-spontaneous nature of the pyrolysis-gasification reaction. The products generated and reactions involved in ReaxFF-MD simulation corresponded with the mass spectrometry results, indicating that β-scission of radicals was the predominant pathway for olefin formation. TEA analysis revealed that larger plants (45000 tonnes/a) had greater revenue potential, profitability, and positive returns on investment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d4faf25572c42eab101af18d681cfb6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d4faf25572c42eab101af18d681cfb62025-08-20T02:04:37ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-07-017110622810.1016/j.csite.2025.106228Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectivesZhitong Yao0Denzel Christopher Makepa1Sourav Poddar2Markus Reinmöller3Michael Bertelsen4Jingjing Jiang5Jiayao Tong6Jiuzhuo Cui7Jie Liu8Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro9College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, ChinaDepartment of Fuels and Energy Engineering, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, ZimbabweDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, West Bengal, 721657, IndiaTechnical University of Denmark, DTU Engineering Technology, Ballerup, 2750, DenmarkTechnical University of Denmark, DTU Engineering Technology, Ballerup, 2750, Denmark; Corresponding author.College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Corresponding author.The increasing volume of packaging waste, a representative component of municipal solid waste, has raised considerable environmental concerns. The present study conducted a detailed investigation into kinetic and thermodynamic of pyrolysis-gasification for post-consumer beverage cartons (BCs). Subsequently, the conversion was simulated using reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) to outline a proposed conversion pathway. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) was then conducted to evaluate economic performance of BCs conversion at different scales. The BCs decomposition could be divided into four stages of <375, 375–500, 500–800 and 800–900 °C with mass loss of 51.3–60.6, 19.0–25.3, 4.9–12.3 and 2.5–4.7 wt%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry confirmed the evolution of olefins, alkynes, and diolefins. The mean activation energy was calculated to be 60.2 kJ mol−1 within conversion of <0.60, which increased significantly to 205.9 kJ mol−1 for greater conversions. Positive changes in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirmed the endothermic and non-spontaneous nature of the pyrolysis-gasification reaction. The products generated and reactions involved in ReaxFF-MD simulation corresponded with the mass spectrometry results, indicating that β-scission of radicals was the predominant pathway for olefin formation. TEA analysis revealed that larger plants (45000 tonnes/a) had greater revenue potential, profitability, and positive returns on investment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25004885Packaging wastePost consumer-beverage cartonsPyrolysis-gasification conversionReaxFF-MD simulationTechno-economic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Zhitong Yao Denzel Christopher Makepa Sourav Poddar Markus Reinmöller Michael Bertelsen Jingjing Jiang Jiayao Tong Jiuzhuo Cui Jie Liu Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Packaging waste Post consumer-beverage cartons Pyrolysis-gasification conversion ReaxFF-MD simulation Techno-economic analysis |
| title | Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| title_full | Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| title_short | Waste-to-energy: Pyrolysis-gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| title_sort | waste to energy pyrolysis gasification conversion of packaging waste from both micro and macro perspectives |
| topic | Packaging waste Post consumer-beverage cartons Pyrolysis-gasification conversion ReaxFF-MD simulation Techno-economic analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25004885 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhitongyao wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT denzelchristophermakepa wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT souravpoddar wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT markusreinmoller wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT michaelbertelsen wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT jingjingjiang wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT jiayaotong wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT jiuzhuocui wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT jieliu wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives AT ivanmigueldecachinhocordeiro wastetoenergypyrolysisgasificationconversionofpackagingwastefrombothmicroandmacroperspectives |