Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption
This study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of off-flavour compounds—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)—in an intensive rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) aquaculture system for human consumption in western Spain. Weekly water and fish flesh samples were collect...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2517 |
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| author | Juan José Córdoba-Granados Almudena V. Merchán Carlos Moraga Paula Tejero Alberto Martín María José Benito |
| author_facet | Juan José Córdoba-Granados Almudena V. Merchán Carlos Moraga Paula Tejero Alberto Martín María José Benito |
| author_sort | Juan José Córdoba-Granados |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of off-flavour compounds—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)—in an intensive rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) aquaculture system for human consumption in western Spain. Weekly water and fish flesh samples were collected over a 12-month period from three farms supplied by the River Tormes. Physicochemical parameters, determination of geosmin and 2-MIB by SPME-GC-MS, microbial counts, and microbial community composition were assessed alongside volatile compound concentrations. Geosmin and 2-MIB showed marked seasonal variation, with peak levels in water and fish flesh during spring and summer, correlating positively with temperature. Geosmin accumulation in fish was highest in the downstream farm, suggesting cumulative exposure effects. In contrast, 2-MIB was detected only in water and at lower concentrations. Microbial analyses revealed high bacterial and fungal diversity, including cyanobacterial taxa such as <i>Phormidium setchellianum</i> and <i>Pseudoanabaena minima</i>, known producers of geosmin and 2-MIB. These findings highlight the importance of water microbiota and environmental conditions in off-flavour development. Managing cyanobacterial populations and monitoring spatial-temporal variability are essential to mitigate the development of earthy or musty flavours and economic losses in aquaculture systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d4f8d9f221443279d040f9b03bc2485 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d4f8d9f221443279d040f9b03bc24852025-08-20T03:36:11ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011414251710.3390/foods14142517Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human ConsumptionJuan José Córdoba-Granados0Almudena V. Merchán1Carlos Moraga2Paula Tejero3Alberto Martín4María José Benito5Carretera Cañada de la Loba (CA-3102) PK 3, Apdo. Correos, 589, 11590 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, SpainNutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainCentro de Investigaciones Científicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Crta. A-V, Km 372, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, SpainNutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainNutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainNutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainThis study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of off-flavour compounds—geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)—in an intensive rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) aquaculture system for human consumption in western Spain. Weekly water and fish flesh samples were collected over a 12-month period from three farms supplied by the River Tormes. Physicochemical parameters, determination of geosmin and 2-MIB by SPME-GC-MS, microbial counts, and microbial community composition were assessed alongside volatile compound concentrations. Geosmin and 2-MIB showed marked seasonal variation, with peak levels in water and fish flesh during spring and summer, correlating positively with temperature. Geosmin accumulation in fish was highest in the downstream farm, suggesting cumulative exposure effects. In contrast, 2-MIB was detected only in water and at lower concentrations. Microbial analyses revealed high bacterial and fungal diversity, including cyanobacterial taxa such as <i>Phormidium setchellianum</i> and <i>Pseudoanabaena minima</i>, known producers of geosmin and 2-MIB. These findings highlight the importance of water microbiota and environmental conditions in off-flavour development. Managing cyanobacterial populations and monitoring spatial-temporal variability are essential to mitigate the development of earthy or musty flavours and economic losses in aquaculture systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2517geosmin2-MIBtemperatureoff-flavoursrainbow troutaquaculture system |
| spellingShingle | Juan José Córdoba-Granados Almudena V. Merchán Carlos Moraga Paula Tejero Alberto Martín María José Benito Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption Foods geosmin 2-MIB temperature off-flavours rainbow trout aquaculture system |
| title | Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption |
| title_full | Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption |
| title_short | Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol and Associated Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems for Human Consumption |
| title_sort | determination of geosmin and 2 methylisoborneol and associated microbial composition in rainbow trout aquaculture systems for human consumption |
| topic | geosmin 2-MIB temperature off-flavours rainbow trout aquaculture system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2517 |
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