Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc

Abstract Present-day serpentinization systems, such as that at the Mariana forearc, are prominent sources of reduced volatiles, including molecular hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), and are considered analogs for chemosynthetic ecosystems on early Earth. However, seepage of serpentinization fluids th...

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Main Authors: Palash Kumawat, Elmar Albers, Wolfgang Bach, Frieder Klein, Walter Menapace, Christoph Vogt, Florence Schubotz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02667-6
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author Palash Kumawat
Elmar Albers
Wolfgang Bach
Frieder Klein
Walter Menapace
Christoph Vogt
Florence Schubotz
author_facet Palash Kumawat
Elmar Albers
Wolfgang Bach
Frieder Klein
Walter Menapace
Christoph Vogt
Florence Schubotz
author_sort Palash Kumawat
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Present-day serpentinization systems, such as that at the Mariana forearc, are prominent sources of reduced volatiles, including molecular hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), and are considered analogs for chemosynthetic ecosystems on early Earth. However, seepage of serpentinization fluids through mud volcanoes at the Mariana forearc seafloor is defined by high pH, and nutrient scarcity, creating challenging conditions for microbial life. We present geochemical and lipid biomarker evidence for a subsurface biosphere shaped by episodic substrate availability, highlighting microbial persistence across steep geochemical gradients within serpentinite mud. Light stable carbon isotope compositions from diagnostic lipids reveal a temporal shift from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis to sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. Membrane adaptations, including unsaturated diether, acyclic and branched tetraether, and ether-based isoprenoidal and non-isoprenoidal glycosidic lipids, reflect microbial strategies for coping with this extreme environment. Our findings establish the Mariana forearc as a unique serpentinite-hosted biosphere, where life operates at the fringes of habitability.
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id doaj-art-9d43f5c5e93f418b9f56e7342869ea6a
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-9d43f5c5e93f418b9f56e7342869ea6a2025-08-20T03:06:08ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-08-016111810.1038/s43247-025-02667-6Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearcPalash Kumawat0Elmar Albers1Wolfgang Bach2Frieder Klein3Walter Menapace4Christoph Vogt5Florence Schubotz6Faculty of Geosciences, University of BremenDepartment of Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionFaculty of Geosciences, University of BremenMarine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDepartment of Geology, University of InnsbruckFaculty of Geosciences, University of BremenMARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of BremenAbstract Present-day serpentinization systems, such as that at the Mariana forearc, are prominent sources of reduced volatiles, including molecular hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), and are considered analogs for chemosynthetic ecosystems on early Earth. However, seepage of serpentinization fluids through mud volcanoes at the Mariana forearc seafloor is defined by high pH, and nutrient scarcity, creating challenging conditions for microbial life. We present geochemical and lipid biomarker evidence for a subsurface biosphere shaped by episodic substrate availability, highlighting microbial persistence across steep geochemical gradients within serpentinite mud. Light stable carbon isotope compositions from diagnostic lipids reveal a temporal shift from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis to sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. Membrane adaptations, including unsaturated diether, acyclic and branched tetraether, and ether-based isoprenoidal and non-isoprenoidal glycosidic lipids, reflect microbial strategies for coping with this extreme environment. Our findings establish the Mariana forearc as a unique serpentinite-hosted biosphere, where life operates at the fringes of habitability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02667-6
spellingShingle Palash Kumawat
Elmar Albers
Wolfgang Bach
Frieder Klein
Walter Menapace
Christoph Vogt
Florence Schubotz
Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
Communications Earth & Environment
title Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
title_full Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
title_fullStr Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
title_full_unstemmed Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
title_short Biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the Mariana forearc
title_sort biomarker evidence of a serpentinite chemosynthetic biosphere at the mariana forearc
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02667-6
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