Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method

In this study, the ProCast software (version 2014) incorporating the CAFE model is applied to conduct numerical simulation analysis of the directional solidification process of titanium–aluminium alloy cylindrical rods at varying withdraw rates. According to the analytical results, the withdraw rate...

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Main Authors: Feng Li, Hong Huang, Xiao Zong, Kehan Wang, Han Liu, Xuejun Liu, Xianfei Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/366
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author Feng Li
Hong Huang
Xiao Zong
Kehan Wang
Han Liu
Xuejun Liu
Xianfei Ding
author_facet Feng Li
Hong Huang
Xiao Zong
Kehan Wang
Han Liu
Xuejun Liu
Xianfei Ding
author_sort Feng Li
collection DOAJ
description In this study, the ProCast software (version 2014) incorporating the CAFE model is applied to conduct numerical simulation analysis of the directional solidification process of titanium–aluminium alloy cylindrical rods at varying withdraw rates. According to the analytical results, the withdraw rate is a critical parameter that affects the morphology of the solid–liquid interface and the grain growth behavior during the directional solidification process. An increase in the drawing rate facilitates nucleation undercooling within the rod, inducing a shift in grain morphology from columnar to equiaxed. At a drawing rate of 1 mm/min, the solid–liquid interface exhibits the most stable morphology, as characterized by a flat interface. As indicated by further analysis, at this drawing rate, specific grain orientations are eliminated during competitive growth with an increase in solid fraction, culminating in the formation of columnar grain structures. Additionally, the impact of drawing rate on grain size and number is investigated, with an increase observed in grain number with drawing rate and a decrease found in grain size. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of mechanisms behind the grain morphology evolution of titanium aluminide, providing crucial theoretical support for optimizing directional solidification processes.
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spelling doaj-art-9d3d036eb77341a9a4155505178c50302025-08-20T02:18:19ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-03-0115436610.3390/met15040366Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling MethodFeng Li0Hong Huang1Xiao Zong2Kehan Wang3Han Liu4Xuejun Liu5Xianfei Ding6AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaAECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaAECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaAECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaAECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaCollege of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaAECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, ChinaIn this study, the ProCast software (version 2014) incorporating the CAFE model is applied to conduct numerical simulation analysis of the directional solidification process of titanium–aluminium alloy cylindrical rods at varying withdraw rates. According to the analytical results, the withdraw rate is a critical parameter that affects the morphology of the solid–liquid interface and the grain growth behavior during the directional solidification process. An increase in the drawing rate facilitates nucleation undercooling within the rod, inducing a shift in grain morphology from columnar to equiaxed. At a drawing rate of 1 mm/min, the solid–liquid interface exhibits the most stable morphology, as characterized by a flat interface. As indicated by further analysis, at this drawing rate, specific grain orientations are eliminated during competitive growth with an increase in solid fraction, culminating in the formation of columnar grain structures. Additionally, the impact of drawing rate on grain size and number is investigated, with an increase observed in grain number with drawing rate and a decrease found in grain size. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of mechanisms behind the grain morphology evolution of titanium aluminide, providing crucial theoretical support for optimizing directional solidification processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/366titanium–aluminium alloydirectional solidificationwithdraw ratenumerical simulationmicrostructuregrain growth
spellingShingle Feng Li
Hong Huang
Xiao Zong
Kehan Wang
Han Liu
Xuejun Liu
Xianfei Ding
Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
Metals
titanium–aluminium alloy
directional solidification
withdraw rate
numerical simulation
microstructure
grain growth
title Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
title_full Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
title_fullStr Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
title_full_unstemmed Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
title_short Simulation Study on Directional Solidification of Titanium–Aluminum Alloy Based on Liquid Metal Cooling Method
title_sort simulation study on directional solidification of titanium aluminum alloy based on liquid metal cooling method
topic titanium–aluminium alloy
directional solidification
withdraw rate
numerical simulation
microstructure
grain growth
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/4/366
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AT kehanwang simulationstudyondirectionalsolidificationoftitaniumaluminumalloybasedonliquidmetalcoolingmethod
AT hanliu simulationstudyondirectionalsolidificationoftitaniumaluminumalloybasedonliquidmetalcoolingmethod
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