Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation

A rare population of massive disk galaxies have been found to invade the red sequence dominated by early-type galaxies. The formation and origins of these red/quenched massive disk galaxies have recently gained great interest. The quenching mechanisms that are usually proposed, such as bar quenching...

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Main Authors: Yingzhong Xu, Yu Luo, Xi Kang, Zhiyuan Li, Zongnan Li, Peng Wang, Noam Libeskind
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2022-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac53ab
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author Yingzhong Xu
Yu Luo
Xi Kang
Zhiyuan Li
Zongnan Li
Peng Wang
Noam Libeskind
author_facet Yingzhong Xu
Yu Luo
Xi Kang
Zhiyuan Li
Zongnan Li
Peng Wang
Noam Libeskind
author_sort Yingzhong Xu
collection DOAJ
description A rare population of massive disk galaxies have been found to invade the red sequence dominated by early-type galaxies. The formation and origins of these red/quenched massive disk galaxies have recently gained great interest. The quenching mechanisms that are usually proposed, such as bar quenching and environment quenching, do not seem to be suitable for those bulgeless quenched disks in a low-density environment. In this paper, we use the TNG300 simulation to investigate the formation of massive quenched central disk galaxies. It is found that these galaxies contain less gas than their star-forming counterparts and harbor giant super massive black holes (SMBHs; above 10 ^8 M _⊙ ). By tracing their formation history, we found that quenched disk galaxies formed early and preserved disk morphology for cosmological timescales. They have experienced less than one major merger on average, and mini-mergers (mass ratio <1/10) have mainly contributed to the growth of their SMBHs. In the IllustrisTNG simulation, the black hole feedback mode switches from thermal to kinetic feedback when the black hole mass is more massive than ∼10 ^8 M _⊙ , which is more efficient to eject gas outside of the galaxy and to suppress further cooling of the hot gaseous halo. We conclude that the dominant quenching mechanism in massive red/quenched disk galaxies is kinetic active galactic nuclei feedback.
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spelling doaj-art-9d3a0e30f1974486a1778009ec8fcebc2025-08-20T02:12:42ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572022-01-01928210010.3847/1538-4357/ac53abQuenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG SimulationYingzhong Xu0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-1898Yu Luo1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-9755Xi Kang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5458-4254Zhiyuan Li3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-6437Zongnan Li4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-6306Peng Wang5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-3835Noam Libeskind6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-0016Zhejiang University-Purple Mountain Observatory Joint Research Center for Astronomy, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China xuyingzhong@zju.edu.cn, kangxi@zju.edu.cnPurple Mountain Observatory , 10 Yuan Hua Road, Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; National Basic Science Data Center , Zhongguancun South 4th Street, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of ChinaZhejiang University-Purple Mountain Observatory Joint Research Center for Astronomy, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China xuyingzhong@zju.edu.cn, kangxi@zju.edu.cn; Purple Mountain Observatory , 10 Yuan Hua Road, Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany; University of Lyon; UCB Lyon 1/CNRS/IN2P3 ; IPN Lyon (IPNL), FranceA rare population of massive disk galaxies have been found to invade the red sequence dominated by early-type galaxies. The formation and origins of these red/quenched massive disk galaxies have recently gained great interest. The quenching mechanisms that are usually proposed, such as bar quenching and environment quenching, do not seem to be suitable for those bulgeless quenched disks in a low-density environment. In this paper, we use the TNG300 simulation to investigate the formation of massive quenched central disk galaxies. It is found that these galaxies contain less gas than their star-forming counterparts and harbor giant super massive black holes (SMBHs; above 10 ^8 M _⊙ ). By tracing their formation history, we found that quenched disk galaxies formed early and preserved disk morphology for cosmological timescales. They have experienced less than one major merger on average, and mini-mergers (mass ratio <1/10) have mainly contributed to the growth of their SMBHs. In the IllustrisTNG simulation, the black hole feedback mode switches from thermal to kinetic feedback when the black hole mass is more massive than ∼10 ^8 M _⊙ , which is more efficient to eject gas outside of the galaxy and to suppress further cooling of the hot gaseous halo. We conclude that the dominant quenching mechanism in massive red/quenched disk galaxies is kinetic active galactic nuclei feedback.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac53abGalaxy evolutionSuper massive black holesGalaxy quenchingGalaxy disks
spellingShingle Yingzhong Xu
Yu Luo
Xi Kang
Zhiyuan Li
Zongnan Li
Peng Wang
Noam Libeskind
Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
The Astrophysical Journal
Galaxy evolution
Super massive black holes
Galaxy quenching
Galaxy disks
title Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
title_full Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
title_fullStr Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
title_full_unstemmed Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
title_short Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
title_sort quenching of massive disk galaxies in the illustristng simulation
topic Galaxy evolution
Super massive black holes
Galaxy quenching
Galaxy disks
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac53ab
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