Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting

Porous dental implants represent a significant advancement in dentistry, offering improved osseointegration, reduced bone resorption and minimized stiffness to better interact with surrounding bone. This study focuses on the development of Ti6Al4V implants with immediate loading and controlled poros...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amanda Robau-Porrua, Jesús E. González, Roberto Arancibia-Castillo, Alberto Picardo, Eugenia Araneda-Hernández, Yadir Torres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Materials & Design
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000802
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850240923015839744
author Amanda Robau-Porrua
Jesús E. González
Roberto Arancibia-Castillo
Alberto Picardo
Eugenia Araneda-Hernández
Yadir Torres
author_facet Amanda Robau-Porrua
Jesús E. González
Roberto Arancibia-Castillo
Alberto Picardo
Eugenia Araneda-Hernández
Yadir Torres
author_sort Amanda Robau-Porrua
collection DOAJ
description Porous dental implants represent a significant advancement in dentistry, offering improved osseointegration, reduced bone resorption and minimized stiffness to better interact with surrounding bone. This study focuses on the development of Ti6Al4V implants with immediate loading and controlled porosity (40 vol% and 600 µm pore size) to improve vascularization and bone ingrowth, which are crucial for successful integration and long-term performance. Dense implants, fully porous implants, and a hybrid design combining a porous surface with a dense core were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting, enhancing fatigue resistance under cyclic loads. Porosity was quantified, revealing 19 % through image analysis and 13 % via the Archimedes method. Finite Element Analysis demonstrated that porous implants improve stress distribution, facilitate load transfer to peri-implant trabecular bone, and achieve uniform stress and strain distributions between thread fillets, with values ranging from 1.1 MPa to 1.6 MPa for stress and 0.0002 to 0.0030 for strain, promoting bone growth. Comparisons with β-Ti alloy implants featuring a porous structure and dense core revealed reduced stress concentrations and a lower risk of fatigue failure. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid and β-Ti designs for personalized dental implants, balancing mechanical performance with biological compatibility to meet patient-specific needs.
format Article
id doaj-art-9d35fc0b088e439783d9bc7f809631a8
institution OA Journals
issn 0264-1275
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-9d35fc0b088e439783d9bc7f809631a82025-08-20T02:00:43ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-03-0125111366010.1016/j.matdes.2025.113660Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser MeltingAmanda Robau-Porrua0Jesús E. González1Roberto Arancibia-Castillo2Alberto Picardo3Eugenia Araneda-Hernández4Yadir Torres5Departamento de Metalurgia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 234, Concepción 4070386 ChileDepartamento de Biomateriales Cerámicos y Metálicos, Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, Ave. Universidad s/n Entre G y Ronda, Vedado, La Habana 6323 CubaDepartamento de Manufactura avanzada/AM-3DP, Leitat Technological Center, Ave. Román Díaz 532, 7500724 Providencia, Región Metropolitana, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería del Diseño, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Metalurgia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 234, Concepción 4070386 ChileIngeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain; Corresponding author.Porous dental implants represent a significant advancement in dentistry, offering improved osseointegration, reduced bone resorption and minimized stiffness to better interact with surrounding bone. This study focuses on the development of Ti6Al4V implants with immediate loading and controlled porosity (40 vol% and 600 µm pore size) to improve vascularization and bone ingrowth, which are crucial for successful integration and long-term performance. Dense implants, fully porous implants, and a hybrid design combining a porous surface with a dense core were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting, enhancing fatigue resistance under cyclic loads. Porosity was quantified, revealing 19 % through image analysis and 13 % via the Archimedes method. Finite Element Analysis demonstrated that porous implants improve stress distribution, facilitate load transfer to peri-implant trabecular bone, and achieve uniform stress and strain distributions between thread fillets, with values ranging from 1.1 MPa to 1.6 MPa for stress and 0.0002 to 0.0030 for strain, promoting bone growth. Comparisons with β-Ti alloy implants featuring a porous structure and dense core revealed reduced stress concentrations and a lower risk of fatigue failure. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid and β-Ti designs for personalized dental implants, balancing mechanical performance with biological compatibility to meet patient-specific needs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000802Selective Laser MeltingGradient porosityDental implantsFinite elementsBiomechanical behaviorTitanium alloys
spellingShingle Amanda Robau-Porrua
Jesús E. González
Roberto Arancibia-Castillo
Alberto Picardo
Eugenia Araneda-Hernández
Yadir Torres
Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
Materials & Design
Selective Laser Melting
Gradient porosity
Dental implants
Finite elements
Biomechanical behavior
Titanium alloys
title Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
title_full Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
title_fullStr Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
title_full_unstemmed Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
title_short Design, fabrication, and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by Selective Laser Melting
title_sort design fabrication and characterization of novel dental implants with porosity gradient obtained by selective laser melting
topic Selective Laser Melting
Gradient porosity
Dental implants
Finite elements
Biomechanical behavior
Titanium alloys
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000802
work_keys_str_mv AT amandarobauporrua designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting
AT jesusegonzalez designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting
AT robertoarancibiacastillo designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting
AT albertopicardo designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting
AT eugeniaaranedahernandez designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting
AT yadirtorres designfabricationandcharacterizationofnoveldentalimplantswithporositygradientobtainedbyselectivelasermelting