Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV)
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are emerging viruses that cause significant damage to tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). TYLCV and ToLCNDV are single-stranded DNA viruses from the genus <i>Begom...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1006 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850255051753259008 |
|---|---|
| author | Isabel M. Fortes Luis Díaz-Martínez Enrique Moriones Ana Grande-Pérez |
| author_facet | Isabel M. Fortes Luis Díaz-Martínez Enrique Moriones Ana Grande-Pérez |
| author_sort | Isabel M. Fortes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are emerging viruses that cause significant damage to tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). TYLCV and ToLCNDV are single-stranded DNA viruses from the genus <i>Begomovirus</i>, family <i>Geminiviridae</i>, while ToCV is an RNA virus from the genus <i>Crinivirus</i> (family <i>Closteroviridae).</i> These viruses share overlapping geographic ranges, vectors (the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>), and host plants, making mixed infections common. This study investigated interactions between TYLCV and ToLCNDV and between ToLCNDV and ToCV in mixed infections of susceptible and TYLCV-resistant tomato genotypes. We evaluated infection, disease development, trans-replication of genome components, and genetic exchange. Our results showed no significant synergistic or antagonistic interactions, complementation, or interference between the viruses. TYLCV resistance in tomato genotypes remained stable. The DNA-B component of ToLCNDV exhibited impaired functionality and was not complemented by TYLCV. No evidence was found that the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) enhances ToLCNDV infection, suggesting limited interactions despite shared vectors. Genetic exchange was detected in defective DNA (def-DNA) molecules using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), indicating potential genetic interactions between these viruses. These findings suggest that mixed infections do not pose immediate concerns for increased pathogenicity but highlight the ecological implications of genetic exchange, warranting further study of the evolutionary consequences of such interactions in mixed-virus environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d3450e527a248d39faaa310482fe92b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d3450e527a248d39faaa310482fe92b2025-08-20T01:56:57ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-04-01155100610.3390/agronomy15051006Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV)Isabel M. Fortes0Luis Díaz-Martínez1Enrique Moriones2Ana Grande-Pérez3Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, SpainCentro de Supercomputación y Bioinnovación (SCBI), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Malaga, SpainEstación Experimental “La Mayora”, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, SpainÁrea de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29010 Malaga, SpainTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are emerging viruses that cause significant damage to tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). TYLCV and ToLCNDV are single-stranded DNA viruses from the genus <i>Begomovirus</i>, family <i>Geminiviridae</i>, while ToCV is an RNA virus from the genus <i>Crinivirus</i> (family <i>Closteroviridae).</i> These viruses share overlapping geographic ranges, vectors (the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>), and host plants, making mixed infections common. This study investigated interactions between TYLCV and ToLCNDV and between ToLCNDV and ToCV in mixed infections of susceptible and TYLCV-resistant tomato genotypes. We evaluated infection, disease development, trans-replication of genome components, and genetic exchange. Our results showed no significant synergistic or antagonistic interactions, complementation, or interference between the viruses. TYLCV resistance in tomato genotypes remained stable. The DNA-B component of ToLCNDV exhibited impaired functionality and was not complemented by TYLCV. No evidence was found that the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) enhances ToLCNDV infection, suggesting limited interactions despite shared vectors. Genetic exchange was detected in defective DNA (def-DNA) molecules using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), indicating potential genetic interactions between these viruses. These findings suggest that mixed infections do not pose immediate concerns for increased pathogenicity but highlight the ecological implications of genetic exchange, warranting further study of the evolutionary consequences of such interactions in mixed-virus environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1006begomovirusdefective DNA (def-DNA)geminivirusgenetic exchangemixed infectionsrecombination |
| spellingShingle | Isabel M. Fortes Luis Díaz-Martínez Enrique Moriones Ana Grande-Pérez Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) Agronomy begomovirus defective DNA (def-DNA) geminivirus genetic exchange mixed infections recombination |
| title | Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) |
| title_full | Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) |
| title_fullStr | Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) |
| title_short | Virus–Host Interactions and Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV), and Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) |
| title_sort | virus host interactions and genetic exchange in mixed infections of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv and tomato chlorosis virus tocv |
| topic | begomovirus defective DNA (def-DNA) geminivirus genetic exchange mixed infections recombination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT isabelmfortes virushostinteractionsandgeneticexchangeinmixedinfectionsoftomatoyellowleafcurlvirustylcvtomatoleafcurlnewdelhivirustolcndvandtomatochlorosisvirustocv AT luisdiazmartinez virushostinteractionsandgeneticexchangeinmixedinfectionsoftomatoyellowleafcurlvirustylcvtomatoleafcurlnewdelhivirustolcndvandtomatochlorosisvirustocv AT enriquemoriones virushostinteractionsandgeneticexchangeinmixedinfectionsoftomatoyellowleafcurlvirustylcvtomatoleafcurlnewdelhivirustolcndvandtomatochlorosisvirustocv AT anagrandeperez virushostinteractionsandgeneticexchangeinmixedinfectionsoftomatoyellowleafcurlvirustylcvtomatoleafcurlnewdelhivirustolcndvandtomatochlorosisvirustocv |