Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models

This paper provides precise performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/unified free space optical (FSO) decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system, in which the heterodyne detection and the intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) are taken into account for FSO detection. To t...

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Main Authors: Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy, Anas M. Salhab, Anas Chaaban, Salam A. Zummo, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2019-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8604038/
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author Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy
Anas M. Salhab
Anas Chaaban
Salam A. Zummo
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
author_facet Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy
Anas M. Salhab
Anas Chaaban
Salam A. Zummo
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
author_sort Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy
collection DOAJ
description This paper provides precise performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/unified free space optical (FSO) decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system, in which the heterodyne detection and the intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) are taken into account for FSO detection. To this end, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and the ergodic channel capacity of this system. In this analysis, we utilize, for the first time as per our knowledge, a precise channel capacity result for the IM-DD channel. Moreover, this is the first time that not only the (IM-DD input-independent) but also the (IM-DD cost-dependent) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered in such system analyses. Additionally in this study, we assume that the first hop (RF link) follows Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading, and the second hop (FSO link) follows M&#x00E1;laga (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) turbulence with pointing errors. These fading and turbulence models contain other models (such as Rayleigh and Gamma&#x2013;Gamma) as special cases, thus, our analyses can be seen as a generalized one from the RF and FSO fading models point of view. Also, in BER derivation, we assume that the modulation schemes in the two hops can be different, since not all modulation schemes are suitable for IM-DD FSO links. In addition, the system performance is investigated asymptotically at high signal to noise ratios. This investigation leads to new nonreported coding gain and diversity order analyses of such system. Interestingly, we find that in the FSO hop, at high transmitted powers, all the considered FSO detectors result in the same diversity order. Furthermore, we provide simulation results that verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical and asymptotic expressions.
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spelling doaj-art-9d27df74bc514284b953467a20b791c82025-08-20T03:33:14ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552019-01-0111112210.1109/JPHOT.2018.28907228604038Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel ModelsOmer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1249Anas M. Salhab1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-0718Anas Chaaban2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-5084Salam A. Zummo3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0724Mohamed-Slim Alouini4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, CanadaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaCEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaThis paper provides precise performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/unified free space optical (FSO) decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system, in which the heterodyne detection and the intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) are taken into account for FSO detection. To this end, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and the ergodic channel capacity of this system. In this analysis, we utilize, for the first time as per our knowledge, a precise channel capacity result for the IM-DD channel. Moreover, this is the first time that not only the (IM-DD input-independent) but also the (IM-DD cost-dependent) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered in such system analyses. Additionally in this study, we assume that the first hop (RF link) follows Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading, and the second hop (FSO link) follows M&#x00E1;laga (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) turbulence with pointing errors. These fading and turbulence models contain other models (such as Rayleigh and Gamma&#x2013;Gamma) as special cases, thus, our analyses can be seen as a generalized one from the RF and FSO fading models point of view. Also, in BER derivation, we assume that the modulation schemes in the two hops can be different, since not all modulation schemes are suitable for IM-DD FSO links. In addition, the system performance is investigated asymptotically at high signal to noise ratios. This investigation leads to new nonreported coding gain and diversity order analyses of such system. Interestingly, we find that in the FSO hop, at high transmitted powers, all the considered FSO detectors result in the same diversity order. Furthermore, we provide simulation results that verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical and asymptotic expressions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8604038/Mixed RF/FSO relay networkNakagami-<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula> fadingMálaga (<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) fadingintensity modulation-direct detectionIM-DDheterodyne detection
spellingShingle Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy
Anas M. Salhab
Anas Chaaban
Salam A. Zummo
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
IEEE Photonics Journal
Mixed RF/FSO relay network
Nakagami-<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula> fading
Málaga (<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) fading
intensity modulation-direct detection
IM-DD
heterodyne detection
title Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
title_full Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
title_fullStr Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
title_full_unstemmed Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
title_short Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models
title_sort precise performance analysis of dual hop mixed rf unified fso df relaying with heterodyne detection and two im dd channel models
topic Mixed RF/FSO relay network
Nakagami-<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula> fading
Málaga (<inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) fading
intensity modulation-direct detection
IM-DD
heterodyne detection
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8604038/
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AT anasmsalhab preciseperformanceanalysisofdualhopmixedrfunifiedfsodfrelayingwithheterodynedetectionandtwoimddchannelmodels
AT anaschaaban preciseperformanceanalysisofdualhopmixedrfunifiedfsodfrelayingwithheterodynedetectionandtwoimddchannelmodels
AT salamazummo preciseperformanceanalysisofdualhopmixedrfunifiedfsodfrelayingwithheterodynedetectionandtwoimddchannelmodels
AT mohamedslimalouini preciseperformanceanalysisofdualhopmixedrfunifiedfsodfrelayingwithheterodynedetectionandtwoimddchannelmodels