An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets
This paper proposes an environmentally friendly sensor for determining trace amounts of diclofenac (DCF)—an activated glassy carbon electrode (aGCE). Such a sensor was achieved by simple surface activation of a glassy carbon electrode to perform five cyclic voltammetric scans from −1.5 to 2.5 V at a...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2530 |
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| author | Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko Aleksy Keller Aleksandra Liwak |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko Aleksy Keller Aleksandra Liwak |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko |
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| description | This paper proposes an environmentally friendly sensor for determining trace amounts of diclofenac (DCF)—an activated glassy carbon electrode (aGCE). Such a sensor was achieved by simple surface activation of a glassy carbon electrode to perform five cyclic voltammetric scans from −1.5 to 2.5 V at a scan rate (υ) of 100 mV/s in 0.1 M NaOH. This type of activation results in the formation of surface functional groups, which provide several advantages such as the creation of new active sites, the improvement of electron transfer dynamics, and sensor electrocatalytic activity. The electrode prepared in this way was used to develop a new differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure (DPAdSV) for rapid, simple, and sensitive DCF analysis. Thanks to this procedure, the following calibration curve range was obtained: 1–100 nM with low detection and quantification limits of 0.25 and 0.83 nM, respectively. To show the practical application of the method, DCF was successfully determined in commercially available pharmaceutical preparations with the standard addition method. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d184724682840c2bba1a4e41fbc1e59 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d184724682840c2bba1a4e41fbc1e592025-08-20T03:29:45ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012253010.3390/molecules30122530An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in TabletsKatarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko0Aleksy Keller1Aleksandra Liwak2Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandThis paper proposes an environmentally friendly sensor for determining trace amounts of diclofenac (DCF)—an activated glassy carbon electrode (aGCE). Such a sensor was achieved by simple surface activation of a glassy carbon electrode to perform five cyclic voltammetric scans from −1.5 to 2.5 V at a scan rate (υ) of 100 mV/s in 0.1 M NaOH. This type of activation results in the formation of surface functional groups, which provide several advantages such as the creation of new active sites, the improvement of electron transfer dynamics, and sensor electrocatalytic activity. The electrode prepared in this way was used to develop a new differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure (DPAdSV) for rapid, simple, and sensitive DCF analysis. Thanks to this procedure, the following calibration curve range was obtained: 1–100 nM with low detection and quantification limits of 0.25 and 0.83 nM, respectively. To show the practical application of the method, DCF was successfully determined in commercially available pharmaceutical preparations with the standard addition method.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2530diclofenacstripping voltammetrynon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugan activated glassy carbon electrodepharmaceutical preparations |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko Aleksy Keller Aleksandra Liwak An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets Molecules diclofenac stripping voltammetry non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug an activated glassy carbon electrode pharmaceutical preparations |
| title | An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets |
| title_full | An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets |
| title_fullStr | An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets |
| title_short | An Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Voltammetric Analysis of Diclofenac in Tablets |
| title_sort | activated glassy carbon electrode for rapid simple and sensitive voltammetric analysis of diclofenac in tablets |
| topic | diclofenac stripping voltammetry non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug an activated glassy carbon electrode pharmaceutical preparations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2530 |
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