Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors

Abstract Introduction In an economy like India where the informal sector dominates, occupational heat stress poses significant challenges to worker productivity. This cross-sectional study investigates the impact of heat exposure on worker productivity across occupational groups. Methods We used mix...

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Main Authors: Vidhya Venugopal, Tanya Isaac, K. G. Gayathri, Sajeeth Kumar, P. K. Latha, Rekha Shanmugam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00565-y
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author Vidhya Venugopal
Tanya Isaac
K. G. Gayathri
Sajeeth Kumar
P. K. Latha
Rekha Shanmugam
author_facet Vidhya Venugopal
Tanya Isaac
K. G. Gayathri
Sajeeth Kumar
P. K. Latha
Rekha Shanmugam
author_sort Vidhya Venugopal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction In an economy like India where the informal sector dominates, occupational heat stress poses significant challenges to worker productivity. This cross-sectional study investigates the impact of heat exposure on worker productivity across occupational groups. Methods We used mixed-effect logistic regression models to investigate the relationship between predictive factors of heat stress and lost productivity. We monitored heat exposures with the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature monitor and established methods to collect quantitative data on physiological heat strain and self-reported productivity loss through validated questionnaires. Results Dehydration emerged as a significant predictor of productivity loss [OR = 11.62 (95% CI 8.68, 14.56); p = 0.05], underscoring its critical role in productivity drop. Workload had a strong influence, with a 2% increase in the likelihood of productivity loss for each 120-W increase in workload [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 0.63, 1.41); p = 0.02]. Older workers and females are particularly susceptible to productivity loss, as each degree increase in WBGT increases the likelihood of such losses by 44% for older workers and 339% for female workers. The odds ratio for WBGT-industry interactions is 16.73, with informal sector workers experiencing the greatest productivity loss as a result of heat stress. The strong inverse correlation between productivity loss and acclimatization suggests that physiological adaptation to heat provides substantial protection. Conclusion This study highlights how environmental, physiological, and demographic factors affect heat-induced productivity loss. Results show that targeted interventions, especially in the informal sector, are needed to protect worker productivity and reduce heat stress.
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spelling doaj-art-9cfee5d0a16b42f9a3958836b2d489b02025-08-20T03:14:05ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-04-0122111510.1186/s12982-025-00565-yUnveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectorsVidhya Venugopal0Tanya Isaac1K. G. Gayathri2Sajeeth Kumar3P. K. Latha4Rekha Shanmugam5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchAbstract Introduction In an economy like India where the informal sector dominates, occupational heat stress poses significant challenges to worker productivity. This cross-sectional study investigates the impact of heat exposure on worker productivity across occupational groups. Methods We used mixed-effect logistic regression models to investigate the relationship between predictive factors of heat stress and lost productivity. We monitored heat exposures with the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature monitor and established methods to collect quantitative data on physiological heat strain and self-reported productivity loss through validated questionnaires. Results Dehydration emerged as a significant predictor of productivity loss [OR = 11.62 (95% CI 8.68, 14.56); p = 0.05], underscoring its critical role in productivity drop. Workload had a strong influence, with a 2% increase in the likelihood of productivity loss for each 120-W increase in workload [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 0.63, 1.41); p = 0.02]. Older workers and females are particularly susceptible to productivity loss, as each degree increase in WBGT increases the likelihood of such losses by 44% for older workers and 339% for female workers. The odds ratio for WBGT-industry interactions is 16.73, with informal sector workers experiencing the greatest productivity loss as a result of heat stress. The strong inverse correlation between productivity loss and acclimatization suggests that physiological adaptation to heat provides substantial protection. Conclusion This study highlights how environmental, physiological, and demographic factors affect heat-induced productivity loss. Results show that targeted interventions, especially in the informal sector, are needed to protect worker productivity and reduce heat stress.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00565-yHeat stressProductivity lossDehydrationAcclimatizationInformal sectors
spellingShingle Vidhya Venugopal
Tanya Isaac
K. G. Gayathri
Sajeeth Kumar
P. K. Latha
Rekha Shanmugam
Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
Discover Public Health
Heat stress
Productivity loss
Dehydration
Acclimatization
Informal sectors
title Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
title_full Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
title_fullStr Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
title_short Unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss: evidence from South Indian informal sectors
title_sort unveiling the link between occupational heat strain and productivity loss evidence from south indian informal sectors
topic Heat stress
Productivity loss
Dehydration
Acclimatization
Informal sectors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00565-y
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