Modal Gain and Loss in Three-Layer Optical Waveguides

A perturbation analysis based on the imaginary part of the complex permittivity rather than on the electric fields associated with stimulated emission shows that the formula for TM gain applies to any increase or decrease in the mode amplitude, whether due to boundary irregularities, material inhomo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nikhil Polley, Tso-Min Chou, Weida Zhang, Ethan Chou, Jerome K. Butler, Gary A. Evans
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10892121/
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